A 24-GHz Patch Array with a Power Amplifier/Low-Noise Amplifier MMIC

This paper presents an active patch array designed at 24 GHz. It can be used as a front-end component for a phased array. A series resonant array structure is chosen which is compact and easy excite. With 5 elements, the array proved a 12-dB antenna gain. A power amplifier and a low noise amplifier are designed on a single GaAs chip (PALNA). Bias switch is used in the PALNA, which greatly reduces the switch loss in a transceiver and increases the efficiency. 20-dB small signal gain is achieved in both power amplifier and low noise amplifier. The active patch array is built by the combination of the patch array and PALNA. The measured active gain of this antenna is 35-dB for the PA mode and 31-dB for the LNA mode. This active patch array can obtain an EIRP of 34 dBm with a total radiated power of 22dBm and a maximum PAE of 32%. To check the noise performance, we applied sources at both normal temperature and 77K (liquid nitrogen) and extracted the noise figure (3.5 dB) of the active antenna by the Y factor method. The results proved that the active antenna is working efficiently as both a transmitting and receiving antenna.     

用小波变换抑制SAR图像中的斑点噪声

抑制合成孔径雷达图像中的斑点噪声一直是处理图像并得到准确图像信息的难点，提出了一种基于小波变换抑制合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中的斑点噪声的方法，对原有的小波变换方法作了改进，能更好地保留图像的边缘信息，并能简化计算量。在仿真实验中使用了合成的模拟图像和真实的合成孔径雷图像，并与以往的小波去噪滤波方法以及一些经典的斑点噪声滤波方法（包括中值滤波，Lee滤波，Frost滤波）进行比较，在综合考虑了滤波算法在均匀区域对斑点噪声的抑制能力以及保留边缘信息能力的情况下，提出的算法有更好的效果。     

低相噪,低杂波数字锁相环路滤波器的设计

较详细地分析数字锁相频率合成器的相位噪声，着重用控制论方法对低相噪、低杂波锁相环的环路滤波器进行设计，并用某Ｓ波段频率合成器的实验结果进行了验证。     

几种航空有源电子干扰装备的比较

本文对远距离支援干扰飞机、随队支援干扰飞机、机载自卫电子对抗系统以及最近国外正在大力发展的分布式电子干扰系统等几种航空有源电子干扰装备的作战对象、战术应用、功能、使用局限性等特点进行了比较 ,探讨了综合发展和运用这几型装备的重要意义     

PD雷达欺骗干扰方法浅析

概要介绍了PD雷达的抗干扰性能及其特点．并主要对PD雷达的欺骗干扰方法进行了一定的讨论。     

降低雷达接收机中噪声的几种方法

噪声是影响雷达接收机灵敏度的重要因素。本文通过讨论雷达接收机噪声的来源，分析并提出了集中降低雷达接收机内部和外部噪声的几种方法，具有一定的实际意义。     

Performance of noise barriers with various edge shapes and acoustical conditions

The performances of barriers having different shapes and surface conditions were tested using the boundary element method in a well-controlled environment. The heights and widths of the barriers were standardized and the insertion losses for six receiver positions were averaged and compared. Figures displaying the results allow for straightforward barrier performance estimation. It was shown that absorbing and soft edges significantly improve the efficiency of the barrier, but configuration modifications provide only a slight improvement. The soft T-shaped barrier produces the highest performance. A 3 m high T-shaped barrier provides the same performance as a 10 m high plain barrier. The spectral efficiency was also investigated. The insertion loss spectra for the absorbing and the soft barriers exhibit a similar shape, but the rigid barrier differs from these two.     

Sequential Estimation of the Parameters in a Trigonometric Regression Model with the Gaussian Coloured Noise

This paper considers the estimation problem for a trigonometric regression model with the noise specified by the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with unknown parameter. We propose a sequential procedure which ensures a prescribed mean square precision uniformly in the nuisance parameter. The asymptotic behaviour of the procedure duration mean has been studied. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

HREELS signal processing via wavelets

In spectroscopy, the recorded spectra can often be modelled as the noisy convolution product of an instrumental function with the ‘true’ signal to be estimated. Such models have often been used for high‐resolution electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (HREELS). In this article, a new method is suggested to estimate the ‘true’ HREELS signal, i.e. the original electronic diffusion function with ‘true’ peak intensities. Our method relies upon the use of wavelets that, because they exhibit simultaneous time and frequency localization, are well‐suited for signal analysis. Firstly, a wavelet shrinkage algorithm is used to filter the noise. This is achieved by decomposing the noisy signal into an appropriate wavelet basis and then thresholding the wavelet coefficients that contain noise. This algorithm has a particular threshold related to frequency and time. Secondly, the broadening due to the instrumental response is eliminated through a deconvolution process. This step mainly rests on the existing relation between the Lipschitz regularity of the signal and the decay with scale of its wavelet coefficients and on least squares. The efficiency of this technique is highlighted by comparing the results obtained with those provided by other published methods. This work is the second in a series of three papers in this issue. The first one presents background knowledge on the wavelets required to understand the estimation methods. The third paper explores the application of wavelet filtering and deconvolution techniques to x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机载红外搜索跟踪系统被动定位滤波算法研究

首先用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法构建了机载红外搜索跟踪系统被动定位滤波模型．然后针对该滤波算法要求先验的噪声统计及存在系统观测模型线性化误差影响滤波精度的特点．利用虚拟噪声技术，提出了适合于红外搜索跟踪系统被动定位的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法实时地估计了虚拟噪声的统计特性，减小了线性化误差，提高了非线性滤波的精度。仿真结果表明，在完全相同的初始条件下，自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波对目标距离和速度的估计结果明显优于扩展卡尔曼滤波，此算法具有很高的工程应用价值。