Avascular necrosis of the femoral head: Early MRI detection and radiological correlation

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and conventional radiographs were compared in 49 hips with Avascular Necrosis (AVN). MRI detected AVN in 25% of the hips during the preradiological stage of the disease. Both MRI and conventional radiographs accurately detected AVN in the remaining 75% of hips. Correlation between the patterns observed with the two techniques reflected the underlying histopathologic events. The reactive interface between infarcted bone and viable bone could be identified on MRI as a low signal intensity (SI) band. On conventional radiographs the reactive interface appeared as a sclerotic band. The adjacent hyperemic zone was seen on MRI as a high SI band and as a lucent zone on the plain films. Variations of this pattern occurred as related to the extend and duration of AVN and to the individual's ability to mount a healing response. Minor degrees of collapse of the femoral head were better identified with plain radiographs but MRI demonstrated small areas of hyperintensity probably corresponding to early subchondral fractures.     

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力治疗尿道尖锐湿疣临床与实验研究

目的: 探讨5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法(5-Aminolevulinic acid - photodynamic therapy, ALA-PDT)治疗尿道尖锐湿疣的临床疗效,并对治疗后皮损的组织病理学变化进行研究。方法:对164 例尿道尖锐湿疣患者进行了ALA-PDT治疗;并对11例外生殖器尖锐湿疣ALA-PDT治疗后的16个皮损进行了组织病理和超微研究。结果:164例患者经ALA-PDT治疗后,156例疣体完全消失,治愈率高达95.12%,而复发率仅5.13%(8/156);无感染、溃疡、疤痕和尿道狭窄等副作用。治疗后1、3 h时表皮浅层角质形成细胞变性坏死,5 h时表皮全层角质形成细胞坏死;电镜下发现治疗后1、3 h时线粒体一端肿胀、嵴断裂、内质网膜结构断裂、角质形成细胞变性和坏死、典型的细胞凋亡小体,5 h时大量角质形成细胞变性、坏死。结论:ALA-PDT是治疗尿道尖锐湿疣的简单、安全、有效、低复发率、耐受性好、无明显副作用的一种新疗法。ALA-PDT对尖锐湿疣的治疗作用是通过细胞凋亡和坏死两种途径实现的。     

利用表面等离子体共振技术进行TNF免疫复合物的动力学分析

表面等离子体共振 ( Surface plasmon resonance,SPR)技术是近年来发展起来的测定分子间相互作用的技术 ,应用最广泛的是 Pharmacia公司发展的生物分子相互作用实时分析 ( Biomolecular interactionanalysis,BIA)技术 [1～ 3] .它可以实时、原位地测定生物大分子间的相互作用 ,而反应物无需标记 ,可以测定反应的动力学常数 ,这对于进行反应的动力学分析和机理研究 ,以及进行性质鉴定和筛选应用具有非常重要的意义 [4～ 8] .肿瘤坏死因子 ( Tumor necrosis factor,TNF)是临床上用于肿瘤治疗的非常有效的细胞因子类药物 [9] .本文报道了…     

实验性急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时肝脏的病理形态学观察及肝细胞的凋亡

目的：从实验性急性出血坏死性胰腺炎(AHNP)早期开始动态观察大鼠肝组织的病理形态学变化,研究肝细胞凋亡的发生情况。方法：胰胆管内逆行注射5％的牛磺胆酸钠,建立大鼠急性出血坏死性胰腺炎模型,通过光镜及电镜观察肝组织的病理形态学变化,用原位末端标记法(TUNEL法)测定大鼠肝细胞发生凋亡的情况。结果：诱导AHNP3h后大鼠肝细胞出现气球样变性,随着疾病的发展损伤加重,肝细胞发生坏死,炎性细胞浸润,并有血栓形成;肝细胞在诱导3h后出现凋亡,且随时间延长,凋亡的数目也增多,肝细胞出现凋亡和坏死并存的现象。     

1HIFU辐照离体组织过程中焦域处沸腾特征声信号研究

目的：基于被动检测的方法,探索HIFU辐照离体组织过程中,焦域处组织液沸腾的特征声信号。方法使用连续HIFU辐照脱气后的离体牛肝组织,分成四组进行实验,每组重复20次。1、2组应用50W声功率分别辐照10s和80s ,3、4组应用200W声功率分别辐照2s和5s。辐照过程中通过B超实时监控靶区回声,同时使用热电偶测量焦域处组织的温度;并通过被动检测方法系统采集焦域处的声散射信号,之后进行快速傅里叶变换。辐照结束后,切开牛肝组织,观察损伤形态。结果辐照中,第2、4组的组织焦域处温度较高,平均最高温度分别为93．52℃和87．76℃,且被动检测系统测得的信号经分析后出现四次谐波幅值的增大,通过B超观察到焦域处有明显的回声增强。而1、3组的温升较低,辐照中的平均最高温度分别为63．23℃和68．24℃,四次谐波幅值未出现明显变化,且焦域处无明显的回声增强。辐照后牛肝中均形成了凝固性坏死,且第2、4组辐照后观察到了损伤形态的形变,第1、3组未见形变。结论：HIFU辐照过程中,被动检测系统所测声散射信号的四次谐波可作为焦域处沸腾的特征声信号。     

Fluoroimmunoassay for tumor necrosis factor-α in human serum using Ru(bpy)3Cl2-doped fluorescent silica nanoparticles as labels

A novel fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) method was developed for the determination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in this study. The proposed method has the advantage of showing the specificity of immunoassays and sensitivity of fluorescent nanoparticles label technology. With the well-established inverse microemulsion polymerisation process, the tris(2′,2-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (Rubpy)-doped fluorescent silica nanoparticles (RuDFSNs) were prepared. Then a RuDFSNs-labeled anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody was prepared and used for FIA of TNF-α in human serum samples with a sandwich FIA by using the low fluorescent 96-well transparent microtiter plates. The assay response was linear from 1.0 to about 250.0 pg/mL with a detection limit of 0.1 pg/mL for TNF-α. The intra- and inter-assay precision are 4.9%, 4.4%, 4.6%; 6.1%, 5.9%, 5.3% for five parallel measurements of 2.0, 20.0, 200.0 pg/mL TNF-α respectively, and the recoveries are in the range of 96-104% for human serum sample measurements by standard-addition method. We also explored the application of fluorescence microscopy imaging in the study of the FIA for TNF-α with the fluorescent nanoparticle labels. The results demonstrate that the method offers potential advantages of sensitivity, simplicity and good reproducibility for the determination of TNF-α, and is applicable to the determination of TNF-α in serum samples and being capable of fluorescence microscopy imaging for the determination of TNF-α.     

微流控芯片流体剪切力和肿瘤坏死因子-α共同作用对大鼠软骨细胞表型的影响

流体剪切力是生物体内普遍存在的一种生物力学形式,是细胞微环境的重要组成部分,对细胞多种生物学行为有重要调节作用。该研究以微流控芯片技术为基础,建立了一种基于流阻原理能同时产生4个不同大小流体剪切力的微流控芯片平台,用以研究低流速的流体剪切力对大鼠原代软骨细胞表型维持的影响。结果表明,流体剪切力可促进软骨细胞的表型维持。还加入了肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),考察流体剪切力和TNF-α共同作用对软骨细胞表型的影响。结果表明,在剪切力和TNF-α共同作用下,软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖表达明显下调。该研究为软骨组织工程和骨性关节炎的疾病研究提供有力的研究平台,为骨关节疾病治疗和防治提供了理论依据。