Sequence-based analysis of 5′UTR and coding regions of CASP3 in terms of miRSNPs and SNPs in targetting miRNAs

Apoptosis is described as a mechanism of cell death occurring after adequate cellular harm. Deregulation of apoptosis occurs in many human conditions such as autoimmune disorders, ischemic damage, neurodegenerative diseases and different cancer types. Information relating miRNAs to cancer is increasing. miRNAs can affect development of cancer via many different pathways, including apoptosis. Polymorphisms in miRNA genes or miRNA target sites (miRSNPs) can change miRNA activity. Although polymorphisms in miRNA genes are very uncommon, SNPs in miRNA-binding sites of target genes are quite common. Many researches have revealed that SNPs in miRNA target sites improve or decrease the efficacy of the interaction between miRNAs and their target genes. Our aim was to specify miRSNPs on CASP3 gene (caspase-3) and SNPs in miRNA genes targeting 5′UTR and coding exons of CASP3, and evaluate the effect of these miRSNPs and SNPs of miRNA genes with respect to apoptosis. We detected 141 different miRNA binding sites (126 different miRNAs) and 7 different SNPs in binding sites of miRNA in 5′UTR and CDS of CASP3 gene. Intriguingly, miR-339-3p’s binding site on CASP3 has a SNP (rs35372903, G/A) on CASP3 5′UTR and its genomic sequence has a SNP (rs565188493, G/A) at the same nucleotide with rs35372903. Also, miR-339-3p has two other SNPs (rs373011663, C/T rs72631820, A/G) of which the first is positioned at the binding site. Here, miRSNP (rs35372903) at CASP3 5′UTR and SNP (rs565188493) at miR-339-3p genomic sequence cross-matches at the same site of binding region. Besides, miR-339-3p targets many apoptosis related genes (ZNF346, TAOK2, PIM2, HIP1, BBC3, TNFRSF25, CLCF1, IHPK2, NOL3) although it had no apoptosis related interaction proven before. This means that miR-339-3p may also have a critical effect on apoptosis via different pathways other than caspase-3. Hence, we can deduce that this is the first study demonstrating a powerful association between miR-339-3p and apoptosis upon computational analysis.     

Crystal Structure of the 1:2 Stoichiometric Nd: [α-SiW11O39]8-: K5Na5H3[Nd(α-SiW11O39)2]·6H2O

Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of K5Na5H3[Nd(α-SiW11O39)2]·6H2O(triclinic, space group P1-, a = 13.7738(10), b = 19.722(2), c = 20.6647(15) (A), α = 111.0090(10), β =105.1740(10), γ = 98-6870(10)°, Z = 2, V = 4867.2(8), Mr = 5914.40, Dc = 4.026, μ = 26.754 mm-1,F(000) = 5076, R = 0.0750 and wR = 0.2077) reveals that two [α-SiW11O39]8- moieties are connected through one Nd atom which is in a square antiprismatic coordination environment by eight oxygen atoms from two [α-SiW11O391]8- moieties. The Nd(Ⅲ) ion is substituted for a [WO]4 unit in the "cap" region of the tungsten-oxygen framework of the parent Keggin ion. Disordered Na cations and water molecules reside outside these channels, leaving empty pores with an intersecting slot (13 (A) × 10 (A)).     

新疆萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩稀土元素特征

研究萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩（A型、 I型）的稀土元素特征. 两类花岗岩的稀土元素地球化学特征明显不同, 这与其所处的不同后碰撞构造演化阶段密切相关. 森塔斯岩体和沃肯萨拉岩体为形成于后碰撞阶段晚期挤压-拉张转换体制下的I型花岗岩, 稀土元素特征显示其岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用不发育, 具幔源特征. 阔依塔斯岩体和恰其海岩体为形成于后碰撞结束阶段拉张体制下的A型花岗岩, 稀土元素特征显示其岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用发育, 其稀土元素显示的一定的壳源特征应为幔源岩浆受地壳物质混染所致.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANO-SOLUBLE FLUORINATED POLYIMIDES FROM 4,4''''-BIS(3-AMINO-5-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENOXY)-BIPHENYL AND VARIOUS AROMATIC DIANHYDRIDES

An aromatic diamine monomer,4,4'-bis(3-amino-5-trifluoromethyl phenoxy)-biphenyl (TFBPDA),wassynthesized via the nucleophilic displacement reaction of 3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride and 4,4'-biphenol.The monomer wasreacted with various aromatic dianhydrides via the high temperature polycondensation procedure to provide a series ofpolyimides.The polyimides,PI-1 to PI-4,show good solubility not only in aprotic solvents,such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and N,N-dimethylacetamide,but also in many common solvents,such as m-cresol,chloroform andcyclopentanone.PI-4,derived from 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride and TFBPDA,was even soluble intoluene.Moreover,PI films exhibit good thermal stability,outstanding transparency in the visible light region and acceptablemechanical and electrical properties.The excellent combined properties of the polyimides make them as a good candidate forfabricating microelectronics.