Secondary succession and its effects on soil moisture and nutrition in abandoned old-fields of hilly region of Loess Plateau, China

Floristic composition, community structure and soil moisture and nutrient contents in abandoned fields of different ages were analyzed to clarify the regenerative aspects of succession as a tool for vegetation restoration. The results indicated that secondary succession in this region can be interpreted as an auto-succession: there are main changes in species-relative abundance and species turnover. Annual or biennial species (e.g. Artemisia scoparia), acted as pioneers and strongly dominated the early stages. Then, they underwent a progressive decline, while forbs (e.g. Artemisia sacrorum) and grasses (e.g. Xanthium sibiricum) had their peak abundance at intermediate stages. Dwarf shrubs (e.g. Lespedeza dahurica) and short rhizome grass (e.g. Bothriochloa ischaemum) appeared at mid-succession stage and gradually increased in abundance during succession, becoming dominant at late stages. The first axis of detrended correspondence canonical analysis arranged the sites according to their fallow time, indicating a successional sere. The second axis, associated with diverging pathways of regeneration, correlated with topographic factors and soil moisture and nutrition. Structural divergence between plots increased as succession went on, attained the highest at the mid-succession stage, decreased at the late stage.

Soil moisture and available phosphorus content decreased steadily with field age after their abandonment, whereas pools of organic matter, total and available nitrogen, potassium and total phosphorus increased with field age. The pace and direction of recovery of native vegetation and natural soil properties in these abandoned fields resembled classic old-field succession, which is a form of secondary succession that often serves as a template for guiding restoration efforts. Interface between the abandoned field soil and plant system was crucial to the above process. Our current study supported the generally accepted hypothesis in the succession literature.     

γ-二氧化锰/K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液界面的电子转移反转区

Marcus电子转移理论的主要成果之一是预言了电子转移反应反转区的存在.从实验上 验证Marcus反转区仍是一个热点问题.通过对γ-MnO2/K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液界面平带电位、极 化曲线的测量,计算了在极化条件下,γ-MnO2导带的电子直接转移到溶液中氧化态物种[F e(CN)6]3-空电子能级上的速率常数ket,logket对外加电位作图,观察到了Marcus反转区. 从理论上也论证了在半导体/溶液界面上的直接电子转移反转区的存在.     

固定接触界面切向静弹性刚度问题研究

根据两球体单峰同时受法向、切向载荷时微滑切向应力的分布以及MB模型,给出了界面的总切向接触静弹性条件刚度、总条件法向载荷的解析解。将切向接触静弹性条件刚度的解析解嵌入到有限元软件中,获得了整机的理论模态。以一款八四七厂华中工学院XHK5140型自动换刀计算机数控立式镗铣床上的结合部为研究对象,通过实验对解析解进行了定量验证。研究结果表明：在理论振型与实验振型一致的条件下,界面模型的相对误差在-19．2％～16．8％之间。     

Empirical likelihood for AR-ARCH models based on LAD estimation

By employing the empirical likelihood method,confidence regions for the stationary AR(p)-ARCH(q) models are constructed.A self-weighted LAD estimator is proposed under weak moment conditions.An empirical log-likelihood ratio statistic is derived and its asymptotic distribution is obtained.Simulation studies show that the performance of empirical likelihood method is better than that of normal approximation of the LAD estimator in terms of the coverage accuracy,especially for relative small size of observation.     

An adaptive trust region method and its convergence

In this paper, a new trust region subproblem is proposed. The trust radius in the new subproblem adjusts itself adaptively. As a result, an adaptive trust region method is constructed based on the new trust region subproblem. The local and global convergence results of the adaptive trust region method are proved. Numerical results indicate that the new method is very efficient.     

区域分工水平评价的新方法——区位结构熵法

根据区域产业分工理论,运用区位商测定区域专业化程度.然后,基于复杂系统结构熵理论,从产业在区际和区内聚集分布信息出发,融合行业路径和地区路径分析法于一体,提出并证明了可以用区位结构熵全面衡量产业在空间上的分布状况.在此基础上,构建一维区域分工指数,综合测定区域分工水平.最后,以我国工业空间分布为例,例证了该方法是合理的、可行的,具有一定的推广和应用价值.     

典型地区大气光学湍流测量与模式研究

在东南沿海地区、合肥地区和西北干旱地区进行了常规气象参数和光学湍流的测量.从地域气候上分析三个实验点所具有的典型特征.分析了不同下垫面对近地面光学湍流强度的影响,提出了近地面和高空光学湍流估算方法,并探讨了光学湍流的预报模式.Bulk方法可用于估算陆地和海面上的Cn2.通过对输入参数进行适当调整,近地面湍流预报模式估算结果和实际测量结果在量级和变化趋势上较为一致.可以用常规气象参数估算光学湍流廓线,合肥上空的光学湍流可以用Hufnagel模式进行拟合.     

数值研究负折射率超透镜近场亚波长成像

文章采用时域有限差分法研究负折射率平板超透镜的电磁聚焦现象,计算近场成像特性;计算结果给出负折射率平板透镜近场成像的波场分布,双波源的成像分辨率为四分之一波长,达到亚波长分辨效果。计算结果表明,负折射率超透镜近场亚衍射成像只在一定的参数条件下成立。     

FORWARD GATED-DIODE R-G CURRENT METHOD:A SIMPLE NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR CHARACTERIZING LATERAL LIGHTLY DOPING REGION OF LDD MOSFET’s

 This paper presents a simple novel technique-forward gated-diode R-G current method-to determine the lateral lightly-doped source/drain (S/D) region interface state density and effective surface doping concentration of the lightly-doped drain (LDD) N- MOSFET’s simultaneously. One interesting result of the numerical analysis is the direct characterization of the interface state density and characteristic gate voltage values corresponding to LDD effective surface doping concentration. It is observed that the S/D N- surface doping concentration and corresponding region’s interface state density are R-G current peak position and amplitude dependent, respectively. It is convincible that the proposed method is well suitable for the characterization of deep sub-micron MOSFET’s in the current ULSI technology.     

热沉尺寸对半导体激光器有源区温度的影响

半导体激光器随着输出功率的提高在各领域的应用日益广泛,但芯片温度升高引起的功率饱和问题仍然是目前研究的重点之一。利用ANSYS软件对工作波长为808nm的单芯片半导体激光器的芯片有源区温度与封装热沉尺寸的关系进行了稳态热分析,模拟得出不同热沉参数条件下封装激光器芯片有源区温度的变化曲线,并提出一种散热较好的结构方案。