A Comprehensive Review of Rosmarinic Acid: From Phytochemistry to Pharmacology and Its New Insight

Polyphenolic acids are the widely occurring natural products in almost each herbal plant, among which rosmarinic acid (RA, C₁₈H₁₆O₈) is well-known, and is present in over 160 species belonging to many families, especially the Lamiaceae. Aside from this herbal ingredient, dozens of its natural derivatives have also been isolated and characterized from many natural plants. In recent years, with the increasing focus on the natural products as alternative treatments, a large number of pharmacological studies have been carried out to demonstrate the various biological activities of RA such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-virus, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. In addition, investigations concerning its biosynthesis, extraction, analysis, clinical applications, and pharmacokinetics have also been performed. Although many achievements have been made in various research aspects, there still exist some problems or issues to be answered, especially its toxicity and bioavailability. Thus, we hope that in the case of natural products, the present review can not only provide a comprehensive understanding on RA covering its miscellaneous research fields, but also highlight some of the present issues and future perspectives worth investigating later, in order to help us utilize this polyphenolic acid more efficiently, widely, and safely.     

Role of Natural Compounds and Target Enzymes in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological condition. The rising prevalence of AD necessitates the rapid development of efficient therapy options. Despite substantial study, only a few medications are capable of delaying the disease. Several substances with pharmacological activity, derived from plants, have been shown to have positive benefits for the treatment of AD by targeting various enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase, γ-secretase, and monoamine oxidases (MAOs), which are discussed as potential targets. Medicinal plants have already contributed a number of lead molecules to medicine development, with many of them currently undergoing clinical trials. A variety of medicinal plants have been shown to diminish the degenerative symptoms associated with AD, either in their raw form or as isolated compounds. The aim of this review was to provide a brief summary of AD and its current therapies, followed by a discussion of the natural compounds examined as therapeutic agents and the processes underlying the positive effects, particularly the management of AD.     

Insights on the Modulation of SIRT5 Activity: A Challenging Balance

SIRT5 is a member of the Sirtuin family, a class of deacetylating enzymes consisting of seven isoforms, involved in the regulation of several processes, including gene expression, metabolism, stress response, and aging. Considering that the anomalous activity of SIRT5 is linked to many pathological conditions, we present herein an overview of the most interesting modulators, with the aim of contributing to further development in this field.     

基于深度学习方面自然语言处理技术(NLP)的研究

深度学习方面自然语言处理技术目前已经成为主要研究热点。从深度学习和自然语言处理的概念出发,深入研究基于深度学习方面自然语言处理技术的优势以及面临的挑战,并在此基础之上对其发展进行了展望。     

高温箱内空气循环对热测试的影响与对策

通过热测试和热仿真试验来验证高温箱内空气循环对自冷设备高低温环境试验的影响。查阅相关的国内外标准并结合多年的热测试经验,提出一套标准试验程序和简易的测试方法,对自冷设备热测试或高低温环境试验有指导作用和应用价值。     

粒子群算法用于盲信号分离的研究

提出一种采用粒子群优化算法进行盲信号分离的新方法,为盲信号分离领域提供一种新的研究思路与方法。该方法采用峰度作为适应度函数,利用粒子群算法对由多个源信号混合而成的信号进行盲信号分离。与自然梯度法盲信号分离相比,粒子群算法精度更高,收敛速度更快,实例仿真成功地对两个图像混合信号进行了盲分离,表明了算法的有效性和优越性。     

复杂场景中真实感地形仿真研究

针对传统的计算机游戏地形仿真方法存在生成效率低下、真实感不强等问题,研究了一种基于改进的热力侵蚀算法的腐蚀化地形生成技术,并通过地形平整化处理以提高地形编辑的简易性.实验结果证明,经过改进的算法不但具有更高的计算效率,而且能生成更逼真的地形视觉效果.     

石油和天然气红外成像检漏

石油和天然气泄漏后容易引起火灾、爆炸事故,发展快速、有效的石油和天然气红外成像检漏技术具有重要意义。通过对石油和天然气泄漏成分及其红外吸收特性的分析,将成像检漏系统的光谱响应波段选取为3.2~3.5 μm。针对气体目标的运动、扩散特点,研究了基于背景动态范围压缩的方法和基于气体边缘迁移的方法,对成像检漏演示系统的输出图像进行实时增强处理,实验表明两种增强算法提高了气体成像检漏的能力。     

基于数字地形图与分形理论的地形生成

提出了一种基于ASTER GDEM数字地形图与分形理论相结合的三维地形生成方法。首先利用数字地形图灰度值-高程值映射来得到图像像素对应的高程值,然后运用Diamond-Square算法来生成地形网格,最后对生成的地形进行真实感显示仿真并给出了实例。上述方法取得了较好的仿真效果,对地形模拟进行了有益的探索与尝试。     

Effect of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) Essential Oil on Acute Inflammatory Response In Vitro and In Vivo

The aim of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical profile, oral acute toxicity, and the effect of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) essential oil (YEO) on acute inflammation. YEO was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For in vitro tests, YEO was assessed using cytotoxicity, neutrophil chemotaxis induced by N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP), and phagocytic activity tests. YEO was orally administered in zymosan-induced peritonitis, carrageenan-induced leukocyte rolling, and adhesion events in the in situ microcirculation model and in carrageenan-induced paw edema models. YEO (2000 mg/kg) was also tested using an acute toxicity test in Swiss mice. YEO showed a predominance of benzyl acetate, linalool, benzyl benzoate, and methyl benzoate. YEO did not present in vitro cytotoxicity. YEO reduced the in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis induced by fMLP and reduced the phagocytic activity. The oral treatment with YEO reduced the leukocyte recruitment and nitric oxide production in the zymosan-induced peritonitis model, reduced rolling and adherent leukocyte number induced by carrageenan in the in situ microcirculation model, and reduced carrageenan-induced edema and mechanical hyperalgesia. YEO did not present signs of toxicity in the acute toxicity test. In conclusion, YEO affected the leukocyte activation, and presented antiedematogenic, anti-hyperalgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties.