Hispidulin Ameliorates Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that plays a crucial role in septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Hispidulin is a natural flavonoid that possesses various biological activities. Recent studies have shown that hispidulin administration alleviates various inflammatory diseases in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effect of hispidulin on LPS-induced AKI. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered LPS (10 mg/kg) with or without hispidulin (50 mg/kg). Hispidulin administration attenuated renal dysfunction, histological alterations, and the upregulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. This flavonoid also reduced cytokine production and Toll-like receptor 4 expression, inhibited nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and alleviated immune cell infiltration. The oxidation of lipids and DNA was also inhibited by hispidulin administration. This antioxidant effect of hispidulin was associated with the downregulation of NADPH oxidase 4, the activation of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and the restoration of glutathione levels. Moreover, hispidulin administration attenuated tubular cell apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 pathway. These data suggest that hispidulin ameliorates endotoxin-induced kidney injury by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular cell death.     

Sustainability in Skin Care: Incorporation of Avocado Peel Extracts in Topical Formulations

The avocado peel is an agro-industrial by-product that has exhibited a massive increase in its production in the last few years. The reuse and valorisation of this by-product are essential since its disposal raises environmental concerns. In the present study, ethanolic extracts of avocado peels of the Hass variety were obtained, for three extraction times (1.5 h, 3 h and 4 h) and analysed for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Antioxidant evaluations of the extracts revealed that the extraction time of 1.5 h exhibited the best results amongst the three, with a DPPH inhibition percentage of 93.92 ± 1.29 and an IC₅₀ percentage, the necessary concentration of the extract to inhibit 50% of DPPH, of 37.30 ± 1.00. The antibacterial capacity of the extracts was evaluated and it was revealed that they were able to inhibit the growth and development of bacteria of the Staphylococcus family. The obtained extract was incorporated in two types of cosmetic formulations (oil-in-water and water-in-oil) and their stability was evaluated and compared with formulations containing synthetic preservatives (BHT and phenoxyethanol). The results of the stability evaluation suggest that the avocado peel extract has the potential to be incorporated in both types of emulsions, acting as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent, proving it to be a viable option to reduce/replace the use of synthetic preservatives. Furthermore, the avocado peel extract proved to be more effective and stable in oil-in-water emulsions. These results highlight the possibility of obtaining sustainable cosmetics, significantly reducing the negative impacts on the environment by the incorporation of extracts sourced from the avocado peel, an interesting source of phenolic compounds, an abundant and low-cost by-product.     

星载大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪测试转台结构设计

在星载大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪的研制过程中,需要对其信噪比、光谱分辨率、光谱定标精度等性能指标进行测试,为此需要设计专用二维转台以实现不同视场在不同角度下的测试.根据光谱仪参数测试要求,提出转台设计方案,设计转台结构,建立三维模型,并对主要零部件进行选型.转台的方位轴±180°转动,满足114°的主视场测试要求;俯仰...     

Analysis of Fatty Acids,Amino Acids and Volatile Profile of Apple By-Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Apple industrial by-products are a promising source of bioactive compounds with direct implications on human health. The main goal of the present work was to characterize the Jonathan and Golden Delicious by-products from their fatty acid, amino acid, and volatile aroma compounds’ point of view. GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and ITEX/GC-MS methods were used for the by-products characterization. Linoleic and oleic were the main fatty acids identified in all samples, while palmitic and stearic acid were the representant of saturated ones. With respect to amino acids, from the essential group, isoleucine was the majority compound identified in JS (Jonathan skin) and GS (Golden skin) samples, lysine was the representant of JP (Jonathan pomace), and valine was mainly identified in GP (Golden pomace). A total number of 47 aroma volatile compounds were quantified in all samples, from which the esters groups ranged from 41.55–53.29%, aldehydes 29.75–43.99%, alcohols from 4.15 to 6.37%, ketones 4.14–5.72%, and the terpenes and terpenoids group reached values between 2.27% and 4.61%. Moreover, the by-products were valorized in biscuits manufacturing, highlighting their importance in enhancing the volatile aroma compounds, color, and sensorial analysis of the final baked goods.     

FTIR监测北京地区CO2和CH4及其变化分析

近几十年来,温室效应导致地表温度明显上升,其所引起的全球气候变迁问题越来越受到人们的关注.CO2和CH4是大气中主要的两种人为温室气体,对它们进行连续的测量,获取它们长时间变化情况对大气环境科学具有重要的意义.目前国内监测这两种气体的主要手段是气相色谱方法.鉴于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术的优点,使用开放式长光程FTIR系统在北京地区对这两种气体进行了监测.该系统直接测量开放光路中的环境气体的大气吸收光谱,并使用非线性最小二乘方法进行光谱分析,获取待测组分的浓度信息.在实验部分给出了2005年9月4日到2005年9月10日6天中的北京地区CO2及CH4的测量结果,并对两者的变化趋势和相关性进行了分析.     

基于Sagnac光纤干涉仪的管道泄漏检测和定位技术

研制了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的分布式光纤传感器,可实时进行管道泄漏检测与定位.阐述了该传感技术的工作原理和泄漏点定位方法,并推导了泄漏引起的光信号相位变化表达式。管道泄漏实验结果表明,水压为0.3MPa时,该技术能有效地检测到管道泄漏的发生并准确定位。     

基于彩色扫描仪的图像光谱重构

针对彩色扫描仪的特点,采用主元分析法(PCA)和反向传播(BP)人工神经网络(ANN)相结合的方法对图像光谱重构进行研究。选择IT8.7/2标准色卡作为训练样本,将该色卡中的另一组色靶作为检验样本以讨论不同网络结构以及不同主元数和训练样本数对光谱重构的影响,再以自然色系统(NCS)色卡为检验样本来分析不同种类的训练和检验样本与光谱重构性能的关系。实验结果表明,采用3-14-6网络结构和6个主元数是最佳选择,训练样本和扫描目标之间的一致性是基于彩色扫描仪图像光谱重构的关键所在。     

化学反应-顶空气相色谱法测定气相二氧化硅表面硅羟基

建立了一种基于化学反应-顶空气相色谱测定气相二氧化硅表面硅羟基含量的新方法.实验取气相二氧化硅放入顶空瓶中于105℃烘箱中加热2 h去除水分,将甲苯稀释的格氏试剂注入密闭的顶空瓶中,格氏试剂与气相二氧化硅表面硅羟基快速反应产生甲烷(CH4),甲烷量与气相二氧化硅表面硅羟基含量成正比.经过气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器测定...     

微型金属复合杜瓦瓶漏热测试系统的设计

杜瓦瓶是红外探测器的核心组件,其质量会直接影响整个热成像系统的可靠性。为了能更好地检测杜瓦瓶的真空特性,本文设计了一套用来测试杜瓦瓶液氮保持时间的设备,通过测试器件开路电压、液氮挥发等参数确定杜瓦器件真空的性能变化。本文对杜瓦瓶漏热进行了理论计算,并且进行了大量实验。根据实验数据与理论计算的比较可以看到,该设备具有较好的测量精度,达到了预期的设计目标。     

微气相色谱法分析氢氘同位素组分气体

该文建立了聚变堆燃料循环系统中氢氘组分的微气相色谱定量分析方法。采用MnCl2溶液改性的氧化铝色谱柱(4～6 m×0.53 mm)为分离柱,考察了改性液含量、色谱柱长和载气流量对氢氘组分分析的影响,在液氮低温(77 K)条件下实现了H₂、HD和D₂混合物的分离。结果表明,19%MnCl2溶液处理的色谱柱分离氢同位素的效果优于15%MnCl₂溶液处理的色谱柱;柱越长,H₂和HD的分离效果越好,当色谱柱长度大于5 m时,H2和HD组分可以完全分离,分离度大于1.5;HD和D2的最小理论塔板高度分别为0.013 cm和0.016 cm。He中H2、HD、D23组分氢同位素在0%～10%含量范围内的线性相关系数均不低于0.993,检出限(LOD)分别为600.1、343.8、654.5μL/L。方法的相对标准偏差为0.34%～1.5%。该法是一种快速、准确、实用的氢同位素分析方法,有望用于聚变堆D/T燃料循环系统氢同位素气体的测定。