基于HBT干涉定位的八元L型阵列拓扑优化

Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT)干涉在光学测量中具有超灵敏的性能,声波与光波具有相同特性,该原理在声学定位中亦有较好的定位性能。针对定位阵列拓扑结构中存在冗余阵元,该文对基于声场HBT干涉定位法的传感阵列拓扑结构进行了研究,优化阵元个数的同时不影响其定位精度。通过对八元L型阵列拓扑结构进行编码,并对所有可能出现的拓扑结构进行定位仿真,得到4组四元拓扑结构的定位误差小于八元L型阵列的定位误差。最后,通过实验对优化所得的四元阵列拓扑结构进行验证。实验结果表明,四元拓扑结构00101011的定位性能最好,误差为1.26%,与八元L型阵列定位效果一致,该实验验证了该文阵列拓扑优化的可行性和有效性。     

一种运动干扰稳健滤波方法

传统的阵列干扰抑制算法假设天线阵列与干扰之间相对静止,完成干扰抑制,当阵列与干扰之间存在相对运动时,存在协方差矩阵估计快拍数不足的问题,从而导致阵列滤波性能下降。针对上述运动干扰稳健滤波问题,提出了一种算法对现有零陷展宽技术抗运动干扰方法进行改进。一方面,将零陷展宽技术与导数约束方法相结合,用得到的新协方差矩阵求自适应权值;另一方面,为了提高自适应波束形成对噪声和误差的稳健性,引入了对角加载技术,加载量通过寻找协方差矩阵的特征值曲线拐点得到,有效避免了加载量过大导致的干扰信号被淹没以及加载量过小导致噪声分量引起性能损失的问题。该算法对零陷展宽系数选取依赖性较低,且对角加载量不需要设置固定的经验值,有利于稳健运动干扰滤波,适用于实际工程中先验信息不足条件下的自适应阵列抗运动干扰情况。     

基于遗传退火算法的MTI 滤波器设计方法

动目标显示(MTI)是雷达杂波抑制的重要技术之一,MTI 滤波器系数和脉冲参差比设计对MTI 的抗杂波性能至关重要。遗传退火算法将模拟退火算法过程溶入遗传算法,同时克服了遗传算法容易陷入局部最优和模拟退火算法收敛速度慢的缺点。文中介绍了一种将遗传退火算法应用于MTI 滤波器的设计方法,该方法可找到最优MTI 滤波器。实验结果表明,针对给定的MTI 滤波器设计要求,该方法能快速完成优化遍历,优化后滤波器性能提升明显。     

天波返回散射特殊电离图的处理方法

基于特殊状态的返回散射扫频电离图,提出一种用于提取电离层主模式区域MUF曲线分布的算法,为选频提供数据支撑。首先,计算出各个信道上的背景噪声,并根据背景噪声的分布特性,统计得出各个信道的补偿因子,结合补偿因子与背景噪声及空域滤波技术进行噪声消除,获得干净数据;然后,在干净数据的基础上,采用距离分段式均值处理的方法,对电离层特征参数MUF进行提取;最后,经过历史数据测试显示,算法结果与电离层的主模式区域边界分布符合度较好。该算法过程简单,实时性较好。     

卫星信标谐波干扰对跟踪接收机信噪比的影响分析

船载卫通站在跟踪圆极化星时,通过频谱监视单元,观察到信标信号附近定时出现干扰谐波,且此时跟踪接收机信噪比下降。针对该问题,提出一种信标频谱分析的方法,从原理上分析干扰谐波对接收机误差电压和信噪比的影响。结果表明:若干扰谐波满足特定频率时会影响误差电压的解调和信噪比值。结合该结论提出方案,降低了干扰对天线跟踪的影响,确保通信业务的正常。     

混响室条件下线缆差模干扰辐射敏感度测试研究

为在混响室中对线缆差模干扰时的设备进行辐射敏感度测试,基于BLT方程,以常见的平行双导线为研究对象,分析了差模干扰时影响线缆方向性系数的因素,计算了线缆最大方向性系数的取值范围。然后根据前期研究中提出的测试方法,在混响室中和开阔场中进行试验,对计算结果进行了验证。试验结果表明,按照所得的最大方向性系数的计算值,可以确保混响室中辐射敏感度测试结果与开阔场相一致。     

Transversal wideband bandpass filter with a wide stopband and multiple transmission zeros

Herein, we present a compact transversal bandpass filter (BPF) with an extremely wide upper stopband and multiple transmission zeros (TZ). Three signal transmission paths with shorted stubs and open-coupled lines allow signal transmission from input port to output port. Two resonant modes can be excited simultaneously and managed easily for bandpass response. Eleven TZs are achieved via transmission path cancelation; an extremely wide upper stopband with an attenuation level better than –12 dB is achieved up to 11.7 f₀, where f₀ is the center frequency (CF). In addition, bandwidth and CF can be controlled by adjusting electrical lengths. For proof of concept, a wideband BPF centered at 1.04 GHz with 3 dB fractional bandwidths of 49.2% was designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The overall circuit measures 0.045λ_g × 0.117λ_g; good agreement was observed between the measured and simulated results.     

Digital Laser Micropainting for Reprogrammable Optoelectronic Applications

Structural coloration is closely related to the progress of innovative optoelectronic applications, but the absence of direct, on-demand, and rewritable coloration schemes has impeded advances in the relevant area, particularly including the development of customized, reprogrammable optoelectronic devices. To overcome these limitations, a digital laser micropainting technique, based on controlled thin-film interference, is proposed through direct growth of the absorbing metal oxide layer on a metallic reflector in the solution environment via a laser. A continuous-wave laser simultaneously performs two functions—a photothermal reaction for site-selective metal oxide layer growth and in situ real-time monitoring of its thickness—while the reflection spectrum is tuned in a broad visible spectrum according to the laser fluence. The scalability and controllability of the proposed scheme is verified by laser-printed painting, while altering the thickness via supplementary irradiation of the identical laser in the homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions facilitates the modification of the original coloration. Finally, the proof-of-concept bolometer device verifies that specific wavelength-dependent photoresponsivity can be assigned, erased, and reassigned by the successive application of the proposed digital laser micropainting technique, which substantiates its potential to offer a new route for reprogrammable optoelectronic applications.     

Electrolyte Interphase Built from Anionic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Lithium Dendrite Suppression

Lithium (Li) metal batteries hold considerable promise for numerous energy-dense applications. However, the dendritic Li anode produced during Li⁺/Li deposition-stripping endangers battery safety and shortens cycle lifespan. Herein, an electrolyte interphase built from 2D anionic covalent organic frameworks (ACOF) is coated on Li for dendrite suppression. The ACOF with Li⁺-affinity facilitates rapid and exclusive passage of Li-ions from the electrolyte, yielding near-unity Li⁺ transference number (0.82) and ionic conductivity beyond 3.7 mS cm^-1 at the interphase. Such high transport efficiency of Li-ions can fundamentally circumvent the Li⁺ deficiency that results in dendrite formation. Pairing the ACOF-coated Li against a high-voltage LiCoO₂ cathode (4.5 V) achieves exceptional cycle stability, mitigated polarization, as well as improved rate capability. Accordingly, this strategy vastly expands the pool of electrolyte interphases that can be used for coating and protecting Li anode.     

Template-Sacrificed Hot Fusion Construction and Nanoseed Modification of 3D Porous Copper Nanoscaffold Host for Stable-Cycling Lithium Metal Anodes

Lithium (Li) metal anodes have been proposed as a promising candidate for high-energy-density electrode materials in secondary batteries. However, the dendrite growth and unstable electrode–electrolyte interfaces during Li plating/stripping are fatal to their practical applications. Herein, the construction of 3D porous Au/Cu nanoscaffold prepared via a convenient template-sacrificed hot fusion construction method and a nanoseed modification process as an effective Li metal hosting material are proposed. The Au/Cu nanoscaffold can spatially guide uniform deposition of Li metal free from the growth of Li dendrites due to the homogenous Li⁺ ion flux and negligible nucleation overpotential. Moreover, the Cu skeleton can relieve volume change and stabilize local current density during cycling processes. Benefiting from these advantages, the symmetric cells based on self-supported Li-filled Au/Cu (Li-Au/Cu) nanoscaffold electrodes present highly stable Li plating/stripping for more than 1000 h with a low voltage hysteresis less than 90 mV and a long lifespan over 1300 h at 1.0 mA cm^–2 in carbonate-based electrolytes. Impressively, the Li-Au/Cu nanoscaffold||LiFePO₄ full cells also exhibit exceptional cycling stability and rate performance. This work provides a promising strategy to construct dendrite-free lithium metal anodes toward high-performance lithium metal batteries.