乳液中豆油水解产生的振荡反应

通过组份替换,系统地研究了酸强度、金属离子,表面活性剂复配等各种因素对乳液中豆油水解振荡反应的影响并进一步说明了振荡机理.     

Monitoring Stimulated Darkening from UV-C Light on Different Bean Genotypes by NMR Spectroscopy

The use of UV-C cool white light on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds significantly increases the biochemical seed coat post-harvest darkening process, whilst preserving seed germination. The aim of this work consists in monitoring the effect caused by the incidence of UV-C light on different bean genotypes using NMR spectroscopy. The genotype samples named IAC Alvorada; TAA Dama; BRS Estilo and BRS Pérola from the Agronomic Institute (IAC; Campinas; SP; Brazil) were evaluated. The following two methodologies were used: a prolonged darkening, in which the grain is placed in a room at a controlled temperature (298 K) and humidity for 90 days, simulating the supermarket shelf; an accelerated darkening, where the grains are exposed to UV-C light (254 nm) for 96 h. The experiments were performed using the following innovative time-domain (TD) NMR approaches: the RK-ROSE pulse sequence; one- and two-dimensional high resolution (HR) NMR experiments (¹H; ¹H-¹H COSY and ¹H-¹³C HSQC); chemometrics tools, such as PLS-DA and heat plots. The results suggest that the observed darkening occurs on the tegument after prolonged (90 days) and accelerated (96 h) conditions. In addition, the results indicate that phenylalanine is the relevant metabolite within this context, being able to participate in the chemical reactions accounted for by the darkening processes. Additionally, it is possible to confirm that a UV-C lamp accelerates oxidative enzymatic reactions and that the NMR methods used were a trustworthy approach to monitor and understand the darkening in bean seeds at metabolite level.     

扫描波束天线无相位近场测量技术

以寻找高频扫描波束天线近场测量方法为目的, 提出了一种结合差分进化算法和迭代傅里叶变换算法的双平面无相位近场测量方法.首先用线极化探头在近区采集正交方向切向场幅值信息; 其次使用差分进化算法寻找合适的初始迭代相位; 再利用迭代傅里叶变换算法对一扫描面上的相位进行还原; 最后使用采样幅值和还原相位结合近远场变换理论求得天线远场方向图.为验证方法可行性, 以对称振子天线阵为模型, 对不同扫描角时的测量过程进行仿真, 均获得良好结果.     

Nd:YVO4激光对蚕豆细胞生物学效应的研究

本试验采用Nd YVO4 激光照射蚕豆已萌发的种子。Nd YVO4 激光照射的时间分别为5min .10min .15min。对照射后蚕豆根尖下细胞中的染色体损伤情况进行了研究。经Nd YVO4 激光照射后,蚕豆根尖细胞中的染色体的畸变类型有染色体桥,断片,落后染色体,微核。经Nd YVO4 激光照射后,蚕豆根尖细胞中有丝分裂指数随着照射的时间的延长而降低。试验结果表明,Nd YVO4 激光对蚕豆根尖细胞染色体和有丝分裂有明显影响。     

Nanoinhibitory Impacts of Salicylic Acid,Glycyrrhizic Acid Ammonium Salt,and Boric Acid Nanoparticles against Phytoplasma Associated with Faba Bean

Phytoplasmas are economically important plant pathogenic bacterial diseases, causing severe yield losses worldwide. In this study, we tested nanoformulations such as glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt (GAS), salicylic acid (SA), and boric acid (BA) as novel antimicrobial agents inducing the resistance against the phytoplasma disease in faba bean. The nanoparticles (NP) were foliar-applied to naturally phytoplasma-infected faba bean with three concentrations from each of SA, GAS, and BA, under field conditions. Nested PCR (using universal primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2) were reacted positively with all symptomatic samples and gave a product size of approximately 1200 bp, while the healthy plant gave no results. Transmission electron microscopy examinations of phytoplasma-infected faba bean plants treated with different nanoparticles revealed that severe damage occurred in phytoplasma particle’s structure, degradation, malformation, lysis in the cell membrane, and the cytoplasmic leakage followed by complete lysis of phytoplasma cells. Exogenous application of GAS-NP (1.68 µM), SA-NP (0.28 µM), and BA-NP (0.124 µM) suppressed the infection percentage of phytoplasma by 75%, 50%, and 20%, and the disease severity by 84%, 64%, and 54%, respectively. Foliar application of nanoparticles improved Fv/Fm (maximum quantum efficiency of PSII Photochemistry), PI (the performance index), SPAD chlorophyll (the relative chlorophyll content), shoots height, and leaves number, thus inducing recovery of the plant biomass and green pods yield. The most effective treatment was GAS-NP at 1.68 µM that mediated substantial increases in the shoots’ fresh weight, shoots’ dry weight, number of pods per plant, and green pods yield by 230%, 244%, 202% and 178%, respectively, compared to those of infected plants not sprayed with nanoparticles. This study demonstrated the utility of using nanoparticles, particularly GAS-NP at 1.68 µM to suppress the phytoplasma infection.     

Quantitative Estimation of Protein in Sprouts of Vigna radiate (Mung Beans), Lens culinaris (Lentils), and Cicer arietinum (Chickpeas) by Kjeldahl and Lowry Methods

Protein scarcity is the most vital cause of long-lasting diseases and even untimely deaths in some developing nations. The application of protein in food is advantageous from the point of view of non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and dietary benefits. This study aimed to determine the protein contents of the sprouts of Vigna radiates (mung beans), Lens culinaris (lentils), and Cicer arietinum (chickpeas) using the Kjeldahl and Lowry methods. The results obtained from the Kjeldahl method identified protein concentrations of 2.54, 2.63, and 2.19%, whereas the Lowry method results identified protein concentrations of 2.96%, 4.10%, and 1.6% in mung beans, lentils, and chickpeas, respectively. In both the methods, lentils were found to have the highest amount of protein followed by mung beans and chickpeas. Both the Kjeldahl and Lowry methods demonstrated good protein values and low variation in the protein amount in the analyzed samples. Furthermore, the methods had greater sensitivity and comparable experimental variability. The outcomes revealed that assays can be applied for protein analysis in legumes. In the context of a lack of suitable standard procedures for evaluating legumes’ compositions, the present study is suitable for food control laboratories. In addition, the studied samples represent a significant source of protein and can be used to fulfil the daily requirements for protein intake and other food applications.     

镧对水培菜豆和玉米幼苗镉胁迫的缓解作用

以菜豆(Phaseolusvulgaris)、玉米(Zeamays)两种生活型植物幼苗为实验材料,以水培方法研究了镧对镉抑制两种作物生长与代谢的影响。结果表明,在30,300μmol·L-1镉剂量胁迫下,两种作物的生长受到严重抑制,主要表现为株高、主根长下降,叶面积锐减,叶、茎、根的鲜重、干重明显下降;生理生化特性的变化是叶绿素含量下降,质膜透性、MDA含量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均增加,且随镉处理时间的延长,伤害加重。叶面喷施10～20mg·L-1镧1次,对镉污染下的两种作物幼苗的生长与代谢有一定缓解效应,可减轻镉对幼苗的伤害程度。这与镧能提高两种作物植物叶绿素含量,降低细胞膜透性和MDA含量,维持过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性等多重作用相关。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定红豆、绿豆和黄豆中微量元素

为探讨红豆、绿豆和黄豆中微量元素的含量,采用原子吸收分光光度计测定了红豆、绿豆和黄豆中的Cu、Zn。结果表明,红豆、绿豆和黄豆中均含有对人体健康有益的元素。该法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、再现性好。     

Functional Characterization of Mung Bean Meal Protein-Derived Antioxidant Peptides

The aim of this work was to characterize the antioxidant properties of some of the peptides present in bromelain mung bean meal protein hydrolysate (MMPH). The MMPH was subjected to two rounds of bioassay-guided reversed-phase HPLC separation followed by peptide identification in the most potent fractions using tandem mass spectrometry. Twelve antioxidant peptides, namely, HC, CGN, LAN, CTN, LAF, CSGD, MMGW, QFAAD, ERF, EYW, FLQL, and QFAW were identified and assayed for antioxidant properties. CTN, HC, CGN, and CSGD were the most potent (p < 0.05) DPPH radical scavengers with EC₅₀ values of 0.30, 0.29, 0.28, and 0.30 mg/mL, respectively, which are lower than the 0.03 mg/mL obtained for reduced glutathione (GSH). CTN, HC, CGN, and CSGD exhibited the most potent (p < 0.05) scavenging activities against hydroxyl and superoxide radicals with EC₅₀ values that are similar to those of GSH. The cysteine-containing peptides also had stronger ferric reducing antioxidant power and metal chelation activity than peptides devoid of cysteine. In contrast, MMGW, ERF, and EYW had poor radical scavenging and metal chelation activities. We conclude that the availability of the sulfhydryl group may have enhanced antioxidant potency while the presence of bulky groups such phenylalanine and tryptophan had an opposite effect.