三分光束光内同轴送丝熔覆层几何形貌预测

研究"三分光束"光内同轴送丝激光熔覆各工艺参数的工艺区间及参数与熔覆层几何形貌映射关系。首先,采用单因素实验方法研究激光功率、扫描速度、送丝速度、离焦量四个工艺参数的工艺区间;其次,以熔覆层的高度、宽度、横截面积作为熔覆层几何形貌的量化指标;最后,分别建立神经网络模型和二次回归模型实现熔覆工艺参数和熔覆层形貌量化指标之间映射关系的预测。基于单道单因素实验,当激光功率介于1 300~1 700 W,扫描速度介于3~7 mm/s,送丝速度介于9~15 mm/s,离焦量介于-2.5^-1.5 mm时能获得液桥过渡熔覆质量较好的单道。在对测试样本数据的预测中,在置信度85%情况下,BP神经网络模型对熔覆层高度、宽度、横截面积的预测精度分别为100%, 100%, 93.33%,均方根误差分别为0.21, 0.07, 0.24;二次回归模型的精度分别为100%, 66.67%, 73.33%,均方根误差分别为0.21, 0.13, 0.28。结论说明二次回归模型中变量的交叉项未能拟合送丝熔覆多变量耦合的非线性过程,而BP神经网络得到较好的预测结果。     

蚕豆病害叶的FTIR研究

用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合统计分析对蚕豆锈病、茎基腐病、轮纹病、黄化卷叶病和正常叶片进行鉴别研究。结果显示病害叶片和正常叶片的红外图谱相似,仅有几个吸收强度比存在差异;对光谱进行二阶导数分析发现,病害叶片和正常叶片的二阶导数光谱在1 200～700cm-1范围差异明显,对该区域内的光谱数据进行相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,结果显示,正常叶片之间、同种病害样品之间相关系数都在0.928以上,而病害叶片和正常叶片以及不同病害样品之间的相关系数降低;45个样品聚类分析和主成分分析正确率分别为73.3%和82.2%。傅里叶变换红外光谱技术具有快速、无损、准确等优点,有望为蚕豆病虫害诊断提供新的方法与途径。     

离子色谱法检测腐竹、粉丝中的乌洛托品

建立了腐竹和粉丝中违禁添加剂乌洛托品的离子色谱检测法。 实验优化了萃取溶剂和萃取条件。 结果表明,乌洛托品在0.10~4.0 μg/g范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.99937。 方法对腐竹和粉丝的检出限为0.079 μg/g。 腐竹和粉丝的加标回收率为86%~96%,相对标准偏差为1.9%。 该方法简便,快速,可用于腐竹和粉丝中乌洛托品的检测。     

稳定同位素内标/超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水果与豆芽中10种植物生长调节剂残留

建立了水果与豆芽中10种植物生长调节剂残留的超高压液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。以酸化乙腈(1∶1 000,体积比)为提取液,样品经高速匀浆与超声辅助分散提取后,提取液采用固相萃取柱净化,甲醇-5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离,正负离子扫描,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,基质匹配同位素内标标准曲线定量。最优条件下,10种植物生长调节剂残留在0.1~50.0μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,检出限为0.2μg/kg,平均回收率为52.4%~119.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于13%。该方法样品前处理简单、净化效果好,同位素内标的使用解决了基质效应及前处理过程中待测物损失造成定量结果不准确的问题,适用于大批量果蔬中多种植物生长调节剂的快速测定。     

洋刀豆脲酶与抑制剂相互作用的分子对接和分子动力学研究

通过洋刀豆脲酶抑制剂的筛选实验得到具有较好抑制活性的化合物2-乙酰基-γ-丁内酯(COM), 其半数抑制浓度在微摩尔浓度级别(IC₅₀＝375 μmol•L^－l). 在此基础上, 使用分子对接和分子动力学(MD)模拟的方法研究洋刀豆脲酶与抑制剂乙酰氧肟酸(AHA)及活性化合物COM之间的相互作用. 用Gold3.0程序将两个小分子与洋刀豆脲酶的晶体结构进行对接, 对接得到的复合物模型使用Amber程序进行MD模拟研究. 模拟过程中, 脲酶结构中的双核镍离子活性中心选用non-bonded模型. 研究结果显示: AHA与洋刀豆脲酶结合时, Ni(1)和Ni(2)均为五配位|COM与洋刀豆脲酶结合时Ni(1)为五配位, Ni(2)为六配位的结合模型更加合理. 这些研究为了解洋刀豆脲酶与抑制剂之间的相互作用提供了重要的参考信息.     

Study on Production of Amino Acids from Bean Dregs by Hydrolysis in Sub-critical Water

This study investigated the production of value‐added amino acids from bean dregs by hydrolysis in subcritical water. It was investigated that the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and CO₂ on amino acid concentration in the hydrolysates of bean dregs. The product of amino acid was determined by Amino Acid Analyzer. The results show that a variety of amino acids are produced. The concentrations of arginine, lysine and alanine were relatively high in the hydrolysate. Temperature and time have a great influence on the hydrolysis reaction. The effects of reaction temperature and time on concentration of different amino acids vary. The addition of carbon dioxide led to an increase in amino acid yield due to the acceleration of acid hydrolyzed catalysis steps. The highest yield of total amino acids is 22% (0.22 g/g of dry bean dregs) at 330°C and 30 min. This method may provide a practical and economical solution for the disposal of bean dregs wastes.     

ICP-OES,AAS和AFS测定肝癌高发区红豆中23种矿质元素含量

收集了6种产自肝癌高发区——江苏省启东市的红豆和6种产自国内其他地区的红豆,经过微波消解或干灰化法处理后,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)、原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定了其中A l、B、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Hg、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、N i、P、Pb、Rb、S、Se、Sr和Zn共23种矿质元素的含量,并用生物标准参考物质黄豆评价了分析方法的准确度。结果表明,红豆中人体必需宏量、微量元素含量极为丰富,而传统意义上的有害元素Pb、Cd、Hg含量均较低;与国内其他产地的红豆相比,江苏省启东市产红豆中B、Mg含量显著偏高(P0.05),而大多数矿质元素含量两相比较并不存在显著性差异。产自江苏省启东市的部分红豆样品和产自江苏省海门市的红豆样品中Cd含量极低,预示着自然生态环境中有效态Cd缺乏可能与肝癌的高发病率和高死亡率存在一定程度的相关性。     

Nd:YVO_4激光辐照对绿豆幼苗生长影响的研究

用Nd:YVO4激光照射绿豆种子,对绿豆种子的照射时间设置为Os(CK),15s、25s、35s、45s、55s.试验结果表明Nd:YVO4激光照射绿豆种子,15s、25s、35s、45s对绿豆的发芽势、发芽率、株高有促进作用,25s、35s、45s对绿豆的胚根有促进作用.其中以Nd:YVO4激光照射绿豆种子45s时影响最明显,而55s激光照射处理对绿豆的发芽势、发芽率、株高有抑制作用.照射时间为15s,55s时胚根的生长受到抑制.     

Enzymatic Preparation of Bioactive Peptides Exhibiting ACE Inhibitory Activity from Soybean and Velvet Bean: A Systematic Review

The Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidase with a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure. Within this work, a systematic review on the enzymatic preparation of Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) peptides is presented. The systematic review is conducted by following PRISMA guidelines. Soybeans and velvet beans are known to have high protein contents that make them suitable as sources of parent proteins for the production of ACEi peptides. Endopeptidase is commonly used in the preparation of soybean-based ACEi peptides, whereas for velvet bean, a combination of both endo- and exopeptidase is frequently used. Soybean glycinin is the preferred substrate for the preparation of ACEi peptides. It contains proline as one of its major amino acids, which exhibits a potent significance in inhibiting ACE. The best enzymatic treatments for producing ACEi peptides from soybean are as follows: proteolytic activity by Protease P (Amano-P from Aspergillus sp.), a temperature of 37 °C, a reaction time of 18 h, pH 8.2, and an E/S ratio of 2%. On the other hand, the best enzymatic conditions for producing peptide hydrolysates with high ACEi activity are through sequential hydrolytic activity by the combination of pepsin-pancreatic, an E/S ratio for each enzyme is 10%, the temperature and reaction time for each proteolysis are 37 °C and 0.74 h, respectively, pH for pepsin is 2.0, whereas for pancreatin it is 7.0. As an underutilized pulse, the studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of velvet bean proteins in producing ACEi peptides are limited. Conclusively, the activity of soybean-based ACEi peptides is found to depend on their molecular sizes, the amino acid residues, and positions. Hydrophobic amino acids with nonpolar side chains, positively charged, branched, and cyclic or aromatic residues are generally preferred for ACEi peptides.     

免疫胶体金标记定位昆诺藜中的胼胝质和胼胝质降解酶

运用免疫胶体金技术研究了感染蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号以及健康昆诺藜细胞中胼胝质和胼胝质降解酶的分布情况。电镜观察发现胶体金特异性标记在含有VP37小管的胞间运动通道周围,其余区域感病和健康细胞的胼胝质及胼胝质降解酶分布差别不大,胼胝质主要分布于细胞间隙的大块电子致密物质以及细胞壁结构发生较大变化的区域,胼胝质降解酶主要分布于筛板、维管束细胞紧贴细胞壁区域的大块电子致密物质上,在细胞壁结构发生较大改变的区域也有胼胝质降解酶的分布。推测胼胝质在昆诺藜细胞中的积累和降解可能与细胞壁结构成分改变有关。