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51.
Resilient optical networks are predominately designed to protect against single failures of fiber links. But in larger networks, operators also see dual failures. As the capacity was planned for single failures, disconnections can occur by dual failures even if enough topological connectivity is provided. In our approach the design of the network minimizes the average loss caused by dual failures, while single failures are still fully survived. High dual failure restorability is the primary aim, capacity is optimized in a second step. For WDM networks with full wavelength conversion, we formulate mixed integer linear programming models for dedicated path protection, shared (backup) path protection, and path rerouting with and without stub-release. For larger problem instances in path rerouting, we propose two heuristics. Computational results indicate that the connectivity is of much more importance for high restorability values than the overall protection capacity. Shared protection has similar restorability levels as dedicated protection while the capacity is comparable to rerouting. Rerouting surpasses the protection mechanisms in restorability and comes close to 100% dual failure survivability. Compared to single failure planning, both shared path protection and rerouting need significantly more capacity in dual failure planning. 相似文献
52.
53.
Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth of interest in the study of the dynamic behavior of replenishment rules of bullwhip effect. We prove that bullwhip effect and butterfly effect share a same the self-oscillation amplifying mechanism that is the ordering decisions the supplier self-oscillation amplify the perturbations brought by the errors in the processing of retailers' demand information. This results as an explicit self-similar structure of the sensitivity of the system to the initial values duty to the nonlinear mechanism. In this paper, the causes process of the bullwhip effect is described as the internal nonlinear mechanism and study on the complexity of bullwhip effect for order-up-to policy under demand signal processing. The methodology is based on fractal and chaotic theory and allows important insights to be gained about the complexity behavior of bullwhip effect. 相似文献
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56.
基于直升机目标旋转部件的调制模型,本文针对防空雷达提出了分析直升机信号特征的一种新方法——WVD法,并对直升机目标旋转部件调制回波信号在不同噪声情况下加以仿真分析,结果表明:用WVD分析雷达回波中直升机信号特征是一种非常有效的方法。 相似文献
57.
As we approach 100 nm technology the interconnect issues are becoming one of the main concerns in the testing of gigahertz system-on-chips. Voltage distortion (noise) and delay violations (skew) contribute to the signal integrity loss and ultimately functional error, performance degradation and reliability problems. In this paper, we first define a model for integrity faults on the high-speed interconnects. Then, we present a BIST-based test methodology that includes two special cells to detect and measure noise and skew occurring on the interconnects of the gigahertz system-on-chips. Using an inexpensive test architecture the integrity information accumulated by these special cells can be scanned out for final test and reliability analysis. 相似文献
58.
改进型遗传算法在加载天线设计中的运用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
遗传算法是一种全新的优化搜索方法,可以用来解决各种复杂的实际问题。针对简单型遗传算法的一些不足之处,介绍了一种改进型的遗传算法,并阐述了其在短波宽带集总加载天线优化设计中的运用。 相似文献
59.
一种实现最佳用户检测的非线性优化神经网络 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文提出并讨论了实现码分多址(CDMA)系统上最佳多用户检测(MUD)的一种神经网络方法。该方法通过将最佳多用户检测视为非线性优化组合问题,利用神经网络能有效求解非线性优化问题的优势,导出了一种非线性优化神经网络来实现最佳多用户检测,理论分析和计算机模拟表明,所提出的神经网络具有可实时应用的动态性能和较传统方法优越得多的误码率性能和抗多址干扰的性能。 相似文献
60.
Peter Imkeller 《Probability Theory and Related Fields》1996,106(1):105-135
Summary. The analytic treatment of problems related to the asymptotic behaviour of random dynamical systems generated by stochastic
differential equations suffers from the presence of non-adapted random invariant measures. Semimartingale theory becomes accessible
if the underlying Wiener filtration is enlarged by the information carried by the orthogonal projectors on the Oseledets spaces
of the (linearized) system.
We study the corresponding problem of preservation of the semimartingale property and the validity of a priori inequalities
between the norms of stochastic integrals in the enlarged filtration and norms of their quadratic variations in case the random
element F enlarging the filtration is real valued and possesses an absolutely continuous law. Applying the tools of Malliavin’s calculus,
we give smoothness conditions on F under which the semimartingale property is preserved and a priori martingale inequalities are valid.
Received: 12 April 1995 / In revised form: 7 March 1996 相似文献