首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   13292篇
  免费   1485篇
  国内免费   380篇
化学   1288篇
晶体学   28篇
力学   1069篇
综合类   145篇
数学   6712篇
物理学   1416篇
无线电   4499篇
  2024年   40篇
  2023年   200篇
  2022年   348篇
  2021年   462篇
  2020年   370篇
  2019年   361篇
  2018年   356篇
  2017年   497篇
  2016年   536篇
  2015年   477篇
  2014年   820篇
  2013年   829篇
  2012年   959篇
  2011年   811篇
  2010年   631篇
  2009年   753篇
  2008年   771篇
  2007年   804篇
  2006年   655篇
  2005年   585篇
  2004年   433篇
  2003年   411篇
  2002年   369篇
  2001年   329篇
  2000年   298篇
  1999年   227篇
  1998年   250篇
  1997年   209篇
  1996年   156篇
  1995年   172篇
  1994年   143篇
  1993年   127篇
  1992年   107篇
  1991年   90篇
  1990年   76篇
  1989年   64篇
  1988年   50篇
  1987年   40篇
  1986年   38篇
  1985年   56篇
  1984年   50篇
  1983年   15篇
  1982年   22篇
  1981年   20篇
  1980年   18篇
  1979年   32篇
  1978年   20篇
  1977年   31篇
  1976年   19篇
  1974年   5篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 390 毫秒
61.
In this paper, we investigate a constrained optimization problem with a quadratic cost functional and two quadratic equality constraints. It is assumed that the cost functional is positive definite and that the constraints are both feasible and regular (but otherwise they are unrestricted quadratic functions). Thus, the existence of a global constrained minimum is assured. We develop a necessary and sufficient condition that completely characterizes the global minimum cost. Such a condition is of essential importance in iterative numerical methods for solving the constrained minimization problem, because it readily distinguishes between local minima and global minima and thus provides a stopping criterion for the computation. The result is similar to one obtained previously by the authors. In the previous result, we gave a characterization of the global minimum of a constrained quadratic minimization problem in which the cost functional was an arbitrary quadratic functional (as opposed to positive-definite here) and the constraints were at least positive-semidefinite quadratic functions (as opposed to essentially unrestricted here).  相似文献   
62.
IGCC空气侧整体综合优化的研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
主要符号表X。。氮气回注系数如空分整体化系数E。;c燃气轮机压气机效率G。l回注氮气流量万燃气轮机透平前温尼。”系统相对效率G。。煤气氮气掺混流量Ea;,c空气专用压缩机效率N。”系统相对功率1前言整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)系统模拟与优化逐步受到重视,开展了许多相关研究[‘-‘]。但是,现有的方法[‘,‘]一个突出的问题,它是在设定的具体流程方案下的数值分析,这常常导致落入“局部优化掩盖了整体最优”的误区。本文是研究以空分系统为中心的空气侧子系统的整体优化,阐述基本概念,尝试新方法,并结合大型商业化装…  相似文献   
63.
We present a method which generates conjugate search directions and maintains the quadratic convergence property, when applied to a quadratic function, even when the line searches are not exact. The method is similar to that given by Dixon, but needs one less vector store. When the method is applied to a number of general functions of different dimensionality, results show the efficiency of the method.  相似文献   
64.
一种遗传-梯度混合算法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文提出一种函数全局优化的遗传-梯度混合算法。该算法由选择、交叉和诱导变异算子组成。通过对自适应滤波和前向神经网络权值训练两个典型问题的数字仿真,表明该算法是一种快速有效的全局优化算法。  相似文献   
65.
In this paper,the UV-theory and P-differential calculus are employed to study second-order ex-pansion of a class of D.C.functions and minimization problems.Under certain conditions,some properties ofthe U-Lagrangian,the second-order expansion of this class of functions along some trajectories are formulated.Some first and second order optimality conditions for the class of D.C.optimization problems are given.  相似文献   
66.
In this paper we consider the optimal investment problem in a market where the stock price process is modeled by a geometric Levy process (taking into account jumps). Except for the geometric Brownian model and the geometric Poissonian model, the resulting models are incomplete and there are many equivalent martingale measures. However, the model can be completed by the so-called power-jump assets. By doing this we allow investment in these new assets and we can try to maximize the expected utility of these portfolios. As particular cases we obtain the optimal portfolios based in stocks and bonds, showing that the new assets are superfluous for certain martingale measures that depend on the utility function we use.  相似文献   
67.
Let G=(V,E) be a undirected k-edge connected graph with weights ce on edges and wv on nodes. The minimum 2-edge connected subgraph problem, 2ECSP for short, is to find a 2-edge connected subgraph of G, of minimum total weight. The 2ECSP generalizes the well-known Steiner 2-edge connected subgraph problem. In this paper we study the convex hull of the incidence vectors corresponding to feasible solutions of 2ECSP. First, a natural integer programming formulation is given and it is shown that its linear relaxation is not sufficient to describe the polytope associated with 2ECSP even when G is series-parallel. Then, we introduce two families of new valid inequalities and we give sufficient conditions for them to be facet-defining. Later, we concentrate on the separation problem. We find polynomial time algorithms to solve the separation of important subclasses of the introduced inequalities, concluding that the separation of the new inequalities, when G is series-parallel, is polynomially solvable.  相似文献   
68.
In this paper we propose a general integration scheme for a Multi-Criteria Decision Making model of the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory in Constraint Programming. We introduce the Choquet integral as a general aggregation function for multi-criteria optimization problems and define the Choquet global constraint that propagates this function during the Branch-and-Bound search. Finally the benefits of the propagation of the Choquet constraint are evaluated on the examination timetabling problem.  相似文献   
69.
We present a new verified optimization method to find regions for Hénon systems where the conditions of chaotic behaviour hold. The present paper provides a methodology to verify chaos for certain mappings and regions. We discuss first how to check the set theoretical conditions of a respective theorem in a reliable way by computer programs. Then we introduce optimization problems that provide a model to locate chaotic regions. We prove the correctness of the underlying checking algorithms and the optimization model. We have verified an earlier published chaotic region, and we also give new chaotic places located by the new technique.  相似文献   
70.
This paper introduces a novel approach for extracting the maximum number of non-overlapping test forms from a large collection of overlapping test sections assembled from a given item bank. The approach involves solving maximum set packing problems (MSPs). A branch-and-bound MSP algorithm is developed along with techniques adapted from constraint programming to estimate lower and upper bounds on the optimal MSP solution. The algorithm is general and can be applied in other applications including combinatorial auctions. The results of computer simulations and experiments with an operational item bank are presented. An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号