Deep learning methods for fingerprint-based indoor positioning: a review

ABSTRACT

Outdoor positioning systems based on the Global Navigation Satellite System have several shortcomings that have deemed their use for indoor positioning impractical. Location fingerprinting, which utilizes machine learning, has emerged as a viable method and solution for indoor positioning due to its simple concept and accurate performance. In the past, shallow learning algorithms were traditionally used in location fingerprinting. Recently, the research community started utilizing deep learning methods for fingerprinting after witnessing the great success and superiority these methods have over traditional/shallow machine learning algorithms. This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning methods in indoor positioning. First, the advantages and disadvantages of various fingerprint types for indoor positioning are discussed. The solutions proposed in the literature are then analyzed, categorized, and compared against various performance evaluation metrics. Since data is key in fingerprinting, a detailed review of publicly available indoor positioning datasets is presented. While incorporating deep learning into fingerprinting has resulted in significant improvements, doing so, has also introduced new challenges. These challenges along with the common implementation pitfalls are discussed. Finally, the paper is concluded with some remarks as well as future research trends.     

A deep learning approach with Bayesian optimization and ensemble classifiers for detecting denial of service attacks

Detecting malicious behavior is important for preventing security threats in a computer network. Denial of Service (DoS) is among the popular cyber attacks targeted at web sites of high‐profile organizations and can potentially have high economic and time costs. In this paper, several machine learning methods including ensemble models and autoencoder‐based deep learning classifiers are compared and tuned using Bayesian optimization. The autoencoder framework enables to extract new features by mapping the original input to a new space. The methods are trained and tested both for binary and multi‐class classification on Digiturk and Labris datasets, which were introduced recently for detecting various types of DDoS attacks. The best performing methods are found to be ensembles though deep learning classifiers achieved comparable level of accuracy.     

具有双重稀疏机制的在线学习算法

针对大数据背景下数据分类问题,已有的在线学习算法通常引入L₁范数正则化增强预测模型的稀疏性,但单一的正则化约束不能高效的获取稀疏模型.基于此,提出了一种具有双重稀疏机制的在线学习算法（an online learning algorithm with dual sparse mechanisms,DSOL）.在DSOL算法中,一方面利用L_1/2正则化项约束目标函数以增强预测模型的稀疏性,提高算法的泛化性能.另一方面用改进的梯度截取法对数据特征进行选择,有效稀疏化预测模型.通过L_1/2正则化与改进的梯度截取策略的有机融合,有效利用了历史数据信息,提高了算法分类数据的性能.通过与另4种代表性稀疏在线学习算法在9个公开数据集的实验对比表明DSOL算法对数据分类的准确性更高.     

基于Moodle和PhoneGap的移动学习客户端的设计与应用研究

本文将结合用户移动学习现状及偏好,确定移动学习客户端的系统需求,进而基于Moodle和PhoneGap平台,实现对移动学习客户端的设计,并将移动学习客户端应用到实际教学过程中,确定应用成效。     

应用于人脸识别的监督局部邻域保持嵌入算法

提出了一种应用于人脸识别的监督线性维数约简 算法。首先引入图像距离度量方法以确定人脸数据 之间的相似程度,之后将训练样本的类标先验信息融入到邻域保持嵌入(NPE,neighborhood preserving embedding)算法的目标函 数中,使得降维后的嵌入空间的投影数据呈多流形分布,不仅最优保持了样本空间的局部几 何结构,同时各类样本 投影的类内散度最小化,类间散度最大化,增大了各类数据分布之间的间隔,提高了嵌入空 间的辨别能力。在Extended Yale B和CMU PIE两个开放人脸数据库上进行了识别实验,结果表明,本文算法取得了很好 的识别效果。     

基于深度学习的复杂沙漠背景SAR目标检测

SAR目标检测,因成像场景大、背景复杂多变而极具挑战。传统基于恒虚警率的SAR目标检测方法极易受背景干扰。针对上述问题,提出一种基于深度学习的复杂沙漠背景SAR目标端对端检测识别系统。即采用小规模沙漠背景下的SAR图像数据对Faster-RCNN网络进行迁移训练,一体化完成典型目标的检测与识别。基于合成数据集Desert-SAR的试验结果表明,与传统方法相比,该方法检测速度更快、准确率更高、鲁棒性更强。     

基于学习风格模型的学生分组优化方法

分组学习通过组内成员的交流与优势互补实现更高效的学习。但随机分组或指定分组很难全面考虑学习风格对学习效果的影响。文章应用Felder-Silverman学习风格模型表达学习者特征,以组内学习风格多样性和组间学习风格均衡性为目标,采用人工蜂群算法优化分组。对比固定分组,优化分组可有效兼顾组内多样性和组间公平性。通过对比小组任务和个人任务得分率,证实了优化的分组可提高学习效果。     

协作频谱感知中基于可靠度原则的节点选择方法研究

多节点协作频谱感知通过融合不同地理位置节点的检测信息,提高了对主用户使用 状态的感知性能。但感知性能与感知节点数目之间是非线性关系,感知节点的增加导致能量 消耗的增加,而信息量少的节点参与协作感知不利于提高感知性能,反而增加了额外的能量 消耗。为提高感知效率,降低能量消耗,提出一种节点选择算法,该算法只调度可信度高的 节点参与协作感知,排除性能差的节点参与协作感知,融合中心通过机器学习机制与外部环 境不断交互信息,对节点性能进行实时评,及时剔除可靠性下降的节点,动态选择高可靠性 的节点参与协作感知,维持高可靠性感知的动态平衡,提高认知网络的鲁棒性。实验结果表 明,本文中的算法在6个能耗单位下检测概率可达到99%,在有效降低 能量消耗的同时显著提高了感知性能,远优于传统感知方法。     

低信噪比下基于YOLOv3的昆虫目标检测

掌握昆虫迁飞规律对于农业防治和生态学研究具有重大意义,雷达正是检测昆虫迁飞最有效的手段.昆虫回波弱,传统的恒虚警检测(Constant False Alarm Rate,CFAR)算法在低信噪比(Signal To Noise Ratio,SNR)时的检测性能下降;同时昆虫目标体积小、飞行速度慢,在距离维和多普勒维的扩...     

改进贝叶斯ARTMAP的迁移学习遥感影像分类算法

遥感分类旨在从图像光谱中提取资源环境监测可用的地理信息,然而基于模式分类的图像处理技术受光谱漂移影响而缺乏历史样本重复利用的有效策略,制约着有限目标样本下遥感分类精度的提高.针对该问题,本文构建了基于改进的贝叶斯ARTMAP神经网络的迁移学习遥感影像分类算法,通过提高谐振匹配性来抑制类别扩散,利用节点的离散增量期望最大化参数更新策略,将历史遥感样本中的地物分类先验信息迁移到目标模型当中.实验结果表明本文方法能有效利用历史遥感数据弥补缺少目标训练数据的不足,相比于其他样本利用策略大幅提高遥感影像分类精度.