以PBL法进行药学实验基本技能教学的探索与实践*

根据西部少数民族地区院校的客观条件和教学特点,提出用以问题为导向的教学法(PBL)进行药学基本技能实验教学。实践证明,实验组(PBL法)的实践基本技能操作水平和发现、分析并解决问题的能力均显著高于对照组(传统教学法)。该法对提高西部少数民族地区药学本科生的创新能力具有较大意义,对其他地区药学本科生创新能力的培养也有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于深度学习的红外遥感信息自动提取

为了提高红外遥感图像地物 信息自动提取的精确性,同时避免人工提取遥感 信息的低效性,提出了一种基于UNet深度学习模型 的遥感信息提取算法。该算法用于从红外遥感图像中分割 出5类地物信息(包括道路、建筑、树木、农田和水 体)。首先,对分辨率高但数量较少的训练数 据进行小像幅的随机裁剪,并对其进行相应的数据增 强处理。然后搭建UNet深度学习模型,并用它 自动提取遥感图像的特征信息。采用交叉熵损失函数 以及Adam反向传播优化算法对该模型进行训练,并对测 试样本中的5幅遥感图像进行精确的地物信息提取。最后,运 用Jaccard指数对测试结果进行精度评定。实验结果表明,该 方法对高分辨率红外遥感图像信息和可见光 遥感图像信息进行了充分融合,对于不同种类地物 的定位和分类都取得了较高精度。     

Chess AI: Competing Paradigms for Machine Intelligence

Endgame studies have long served as a tool for testing human creativity and intelligence. We find that they can serve as a tool for testing machine ability as well. Two of the leading chess engines, Stockfish and Leela Chess Zero (LCZero), employ significantly different methods during play. We use Plaskett’s Puzzle, a famous endgame study from the late 1970s, to compare the two engines. Our experiments show that Stockfish outperforms LCZero on the puzzle. We examine the algorithmic differences between the engines and use our observations as a basis for carefully interpreting the test results. Drawing inspiration from how humans solve chess problems, we ask whether machines can possess a form of imagination. On the theoretical side, we describe how Bellman’s equation may be applied to optimize the probability of winning. To conclude, we discuss the implications of our work on artificial intelligence (AI) and artificial general intelligence (AGI), suggesting possible avenues for future research.     

无人机管线巡检中的测试桩识别

在无人机GPS信号丢失的情况下,测试桩的视觉辅助识别精度是影响油气管线自动巡检工作的关键因素。针对测试桩自动识别的精度问题,在分析测试桩及其周围地物背景目标特性的基础上,先用深度学习算法判断出测试桩被周围地物背景遮挡的情况。对于被遮挡的测试桩,采用不显著目标相对定位算法检测出测试桩的具体位置。最后通过现场采集的数据实验验证了文中算法的有效性。     

Scalable and Transferable Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Agent Mixed Cooperative–Competitive Environments Based on Hierarchical Graph Attention

Most previous studies on multi-agent systems aim to coordinate agents to achieve a common goal, but the lack of scalability and transferability prevents them from being applied to large-scale multi-agent tasks. To deal with these limitations, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based multi-agent coordination control method for mixed cooperative–competitive environments. To improve scalability and transferability when applying in large-scale multi-agent systems, we construct inter-agent communication and use hierarchical graph attention networks (HGAT) to process the local observations of agents and received messages from neighbors. We also adopt the gated recurrent units (GRU) to address the partial observability issue by recording historical information. The simulation results based on a cooperative task and a competitive task not only show the superiority of our method, but also indicate the scalability and transferability of our method in various scale tasks.     

基于MobileNet-SSD的红外人脸检测算法

针对"可见光"+"热红外"融合的双光人脸检测算法对硬件依赖性高的劣势.本文提出一种基于MobileNet-SSD的红外人脸检测算法,该算法可以直接检测出红外图像中的人脸区域,对硬件的依赖性较低.同时实验结果表明该算法的检测精度和实时性均有所提高,可以直接运用到"疫情"期间的智能体温监控系统中.     

促进深度学习的专题复习教学*——以“碳及其化合物”为例

以促进学生的深度学习为基本理念,围绕“自然界的碳循环”“大气中CO₂的控减排”“化学家们合成的新型碳家族成员”等板块,设计并成功实施系列情境问题,在系列问题的讨论、分析、解决过程中帮助学生建构“碳”家族成员间相互转化的知识网络,提高学生思维的纵深度,引发高阶思维,促进深度学习。     

“学习提示”模块在新版有机化学教材中的应用

一本好的有机化学教材应该对教师教学和学生自学有很好的辅助和引导作用。如何使学生从浩如烟海的内容中发现重点、难点,并做到有效掌握和融会贯通,是教材编写者需要重点考虑的问题。笔者将教学经验融入到有机化学教材改革实践,在新版教材中加入了原创的“学习提示”板块,用简练、更通俗易懂的语言对一些重要、较难理解的或是容易混淆的知识点进行辅助讲解、串联总结。笔者认为该板块可以起到协助学生理解知识难点、厘清易混淆概念、将关联知识融会贯通以及激发学生科研兴趣等作用。本文用一些实例对这一模块的编写构思、内容和预期成效进行了介绍。     

An ensemble learning framework for potential miRNA-disease association prediction with positive-unlabeled data

To explore the pathogenic mechanisms of MicroRNA (miRNA) on diverse diseases, many researchers have concentrated on discovering the potential associations between miRNA and disease using machine learning methods. However, the prediction accuracy of supervised machine learning methods is limited by lacking of experimentally-validated uncorrelated miRNA-disease pairs. Without these negative samples, training a highly accurate model is much more difficult. Different from traditional miRNA-disease prediction models using randomly selected unknown samples as negative training samples, we propose an ensemble learning framework to solve this positive-unlabeled (PU) learning problem. The framework incorporates two steps, i.e., a novel semi-supervised Kmeans (SS-Kmeans) to extract reliable negative samples from unknown miRNA-disease pairs and subagging method to generate diverse training sample sets to make full use of those reliable negative samples for ensemble learning. Combined with effective random vector functional link (RVFL) network as prediction model, the proposed framework showed superior prediction accuracy comparing with other popular approaches. A case study on lung and gastric neoplasms further confirms the framework’s efficacy at identifying miRNA disease associations.