Blood cell separation using crosslinkable copolymers containing N,N‐dimethylacrylamide

Amphiphilic copolymers using hydrophilic N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA), hydrophobic methyl methacrylate (MMA) and a crosslinkable monomer, 3‐methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MTSi), were synthesized and evaluated as coating materials for leukocyte removal filters for whole blood. When filters composed of non‐woven fabrics were coated with crosslinked synthesized copolymers, the elution ratios of the copolymers to water were adequately low because of the crosslinking with trimethoxysilane groups of MTSi units in the copolymers. Filters coated with crosslinked poly(DMA‐co‐MTSi) having a 0.96 mole fraction of DMA units showed a 0.35 ± 0.44% platelet permeation ratio and a logarithmic reduction of 4.0 ± 0.68 for leukocytes. On the other hand, an increase in the content of MMA units in the DMA‐containing copolymers improved the permeation ratio of the platelets dramatically. Filters coated with crosslinked poly(DMA‐co‐MMA‐co‐MTSi) containing a 0.39 mole fraction of MMA units and a 0.58 mole fraction of DMA units showed an 86 ± 3.0% platelet permeation ratio and a logarithmic reduction of 2.1 ± 1.2 for leukocytes. This indicates that an adequate content of hydrophobic monomer units, such as MMA units, is necessary for effective platelet permeation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel first-order log-domain allpass filter

This paper proposes a first-order allpass log-domain filter, which is systematically derived using the state-space synthesis procedure. To the best knowledge of the authors, the filter is the first log-domain first-order allpass filter in the literature. The proposed filter has a simple structure and can be electronically tuned. PSPICE simulations are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.     

基于纹理的图像字符自动定位技术对比研究

随着信息技术的迅速发展,基于内容的图像检索技术引起了研究者的广泛关注.自动抽取图像/视频的语义内容是图像/视频检索中研究的重点和难点.本文通过分析多种字符定位技术,给出了基于纹理分析的字符定位算法的一般框架.对各种基于纹理分析的字符定位方法进行了对比研究,尤其深入地研究了纹理特征提取,分类器设计及边界位置确定对定位结果的影响.最后通过预分类的方法对算法进行改进,实验结果表明,该方法在保持正确定位率基本不变的情况下,可以大幅度提高处理速度.     

秩排序非线性滤波器的自适应优化算法

在图像处理中，秩排序非线性滤波器具有非常重要的作用。本文从加权顺序统计滤波器的自适应优化算法出发，导出了加权中值滤波器、秩选择滤波器和置换滤波器等几种重要的秩排序非线性滤波器的自适应优化设计算法，这些算法采用迭代计算实现，并可以在MAE、MSE和／Z准则下得到最优解。模拟实验表明，这些算法具有非常好的收敛效果，并可以很好地用于类似图像的非平稳信号的处理。     

个人便携式网络硬件防水墙设计

文中介绍了防水墙技术和数据包过滤技术,针对个人计算机网络安全的问题,设计了一种便携式的防水墙系统。本系统运用了防水墙技术和网络数据包过滤技术,采用MEGA128单片机控制DM9000网络控制器的方法,对本地计算机发出的数据进行过滤,达到了防止信息被窃取的目的。     

Discrete filter operators for large‐eddy simulation using high‐order spectral difference methods

The combination of a high‐order unstructured spectral difference (SD) spatial discretization scheme with sub‐grid scale (SGS) modeling for large‐eddy simulation is investigated with particular focus on the consistent implementation of a structural mixed model based on the scale similarity hypothesis. The difficult task of deriving a consistent formulation for the discrete filter within the SD element of arbitrary order led to the development of a new class of three‐dimensional constrained discrete filters. The discrete filters satisfy a set of selected criteria and are completely local within the SD element. Their weights can be automatically computed at run time from the number of solution points within each element and the expected filter cutoff length scale. The novel discrete filters can be applied to any SGS model involving explicit filtering and to a broad class of high‐order discontinuous finite element numerical schemes. The code is applied to the computation of turbulent channel flows at three Reynolds numbers, namely Re_τ = 180, 395, and 590 (based on the friction velocity u_τ and channel half‐width δ). Results from computations with and without the SGS model are compared against results from direct numerical simulation. The numerical experiments suggest that the results are sensitive to the use of the SGS model, even when a high‐order numerical scheme is used, especially when the grid resolution is kept relatively low and mostly in terms of resolved Reynolds stresses. Results obtained using existing filters based on the projection of the solution over lower‐order polynomial bases are also shown and demonstrate that these filters are inadequate for SGS modeling purposes, mostly because of their inability to enforce the selected cutoff length scale with sufficient accuracy. The use of the similarity mixed formulation proved to be particularly accurate in reproducing SGS interactions, confirming that its well‐known potential can be realized in conjunction with state‐of‐the‐art high‐order numerical schemes.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fast super-resolution algorithm using rotation-invariant ELBP classifier and hierarchical pattern matching

This paper proposes a fast super-resolution (SR) algorithm using content-adaptive two-dimensional (2D) finite impulse response (FIR) filters based on a rotation-invariant classifier. The proposed algorithm consists of a learning stage and an inference stage. In the learning stage, we cluster a sufficient number of low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) patch pairs into a specific number of groups using the rotation-invariant classifier, and choose a specific number of dominant clusters. Then, we compute the optimal 2D FIR filter(s) to synthesize a high-quality HR patch from an LR patch per cluster, and finally store the patch-adaptive 2D FIR filters in a dictionary. Also, we present a smart hierarchical addressing method for effective dictionary exploration in the inference stage. In the inference stage, the ELBP of each input LR patch is extracted in the same way as the learning stage, and the best matched FIR filter(s) to the input LR patch is found from the dictionary by the hierarchical addressing. Finally, we synthesize the HR patch by using the optimal 2D FIR filter. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm produces better HR images than the existing SR methods, while providing fast running time.     

Automatic hierarchy classification in venation networks using directional morphological filtering for hierarchical structure traits extraction

The extraction of vein traits from venation networks is of great significance to the development of a variety of research fields, such as evolutionary biology. However, traditional studies normally target to the extraction of reticulate structure traits (ReSTs), which is not sufficient enough to distinguish the difference between vein orders. For hierarchical structure traits (HiSTs), only a few tools have made attempts with human assistance, and obviously are not practical for large-scale traits extraction. Thus, there is a necessity to develop the method of automated vein hierarchy classification, raising a new challenge yet to be addressed. We propose a novel vein hierarchy classification method based on directional morphological filtering to automatically classify vein orders. Different from traditional methods, our method classify vein orders from highly dense venation networks for the extraction of traits with ecological significance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to automatically classify vein hierarchy. To evaluate the performance of our method, we prepare a soybean transmission image dataset (STID) composed of 1200 soybean leaf images and the vein orders of these leaves are manually coarsely annotated by experts as ground truth. We apply our method to classify vein orders of each leaf in the dataset. Compared with ground truth, the proposed method achieves great performance, while the average deviation on major vein is less than 5 pixels and the average completeness on second-order veins reaches 54.28%.     

Fusion of multifocus images by lattice structures

Image fusion methods based on multiscale transform (MST) suffer from high computational load due to the use of fast Fourier transforms (ffts) in the lowpass and highpass filtering steps. Lifting wavelet scheme which is based on second generation wavelets has been proposed as a solution to this issue. Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) is composed of split, prediction and update operations all implemented in the spatial domain using multiplications and additions, thus computation time is highly reduced. Since image fusion performance benefits from undecimated transform, it has later been extended to Stationary Lifting Wavelet Transform (SLWT). In this paper, we propose to use the lattice filter for the MST analysis step. Lattice filter is composed of analysis and synthesis parts where simultaneous lowpass and highpass operations are performed in spatial domain with the help of additions/multiplications and delay operations, in a recursive structure which increases robustness to noise. Since the original filter is designed for the undecimated case, we have developed undecimated lattice structures, and applied them to the fusion of multifocus images. Fusion results and evaluation metrics show that the proposed method has better performance especially with noisy images while having similar computational load with LSWT based fusion method.     

Spectral tuning of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot infrared photodetectors with bandpass guided‐mode resonance filters

Quantum dot infrared photodetectors can be coupled with micro‐structured filters to create narrowband sensors. Guided‐mode resonance filters based on a high‐index dielectric slab can exhibit bandpass characteristics that are suitable for monolithic integration with focal‐plane arrays. Here, patterned Ge filters were integrated with InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot detectors to linearly tune their 77 K photoresponse peaks from 5.6 µm to 6.2 µm. The dark current was not influenced by these filters but the ability to narrow the photoresponse linewidth was limited by substrate scattering, which is often encountered with front‐side illumination architectures. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)