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41.
In many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, the location of a sensor node is crucial for determining where the event or situation of interest occurred. Therefore, localization is one of the critical challenges in WSNs. Mobile anchor node assisted localization (MANAL) is one of the promising solutions for the localization of statically deployed sensors. The main problem in MANAL localization is that the path planning of the mobile anchor (MA) node should be done so that the localization error in the network will be minimal and that all unknown nodes in the network are covered. This paper proposes a new path planning approach called nested hexagons curves (NHexCurves) for MANAL. NHexCurves guarantees that it will receive messages from at least three non-collinear anchors to locate all unknown nodes in the network. The proposed model has compared six different path planning schemes in the literature using weighted centroid localization (WCL). In these comparisons, first of all, localization errors of the models are compared using some statistical concepts. Second, the variation of the localization error according to parameters such as resolution (R) and the standard deviation of noise (σ) is observed. Then, with similar approaches, the standard deviation of errors, localization ratio, scalability performances, and finally, path lengths of the models are examined. The simulation results show that the NHexCurves static path planning model proposed in this study stands out compared to other models with high localization error and localization ratio performance, especially at low resolutions, due to its path design. At the same time, the lowest error values according to σ are obtained with the proposed model among all models considered. 相似文献
42.
In this paper the equation for thin-layer adsorption chromatography with multicomponent mobile phases, proposed by O?cik in 1965 is extended to energetically heterogeneous solid surfaces. Other forms of this equation, more convenient in practical applications, are presented. Model calculations are made for TLC with binary mobile phases according to the modified form of O?cik's equation. Finally, this equation is compared with that of Snyder. 相似文献
43.
Summary In this work, an optimization procedure for gradient RPLC separation, using ternary mobile phases, is described. This procedure requires eight preliminary experiments in gradient elution mode to predict the retention surface for each solute over the whole triangular space. This is followed by computerized calculations to determine the best ternary gradient elution profile with respect to both selectivity and analysis time. The efficiency of this procedure from the point of view of rapidity and of accuracy, is illustrated for the specific separation of twelve phenyl urea herbicides. 相似文献
44.
This paper describes the theory of liquid adsorption chromatography (LSC) with mixed mobile phase, involving formation of multilayer surface phases. An equation describing the dependence of the capacity ratio upon the mobile phase composition is derived and theoretical curves illustrating the same dependence are calculated accordingly by assuming different thicknesses of the surface phase. 相似文献
45.
T. Kowalska 《Chromatographia》1991,31(3-4):119-122
Summary Intermolecular interactions between the solute and the moieties constituting the mobile phase significantly contribute to the overall retention pattern of a given solute in a given chromatographic system. In this paper retention of solute is discussed in the case of the B+AB1+AB2 type mobile phase, which, in a quasithermodynamic way, can be divided into seven individual moieties. One evaluates the influence of each moiety on solute retention, and refers these regularities to the polarity of the solutes. 相似文献
46.
Summary Packings and stationary phases applied to high resolution separations of proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids must satisfy
a series of distinct criteria that are different from those usually required by HPLC of low molecular weight non-biologically
active analytes. These requirements have been met through substantial improvements in classical gel media together with novel
developments in silica supports, and have led to a family of products with tailor-made and reproducible properties. Supports
consisting of cross-linked organic gels, and inorganic materials (mostly silicas) are now available with graduated particle
sizes, pore sizes, porosities and surface areas as well as non-porous beads. A whole range of stationary phases, such as reversed
phase, hydrophobic interaction, ion exchanger and affinity packings, were designed for application as chemical sensors for
biopolymer recognition in adsorptive chromatography. The phase systems are operated in the gradient mode, giving high resolution
and high peak capacities. In addition, aqueous liquid-liquid partitioning systems have been developed for the fractionation
of proteins and nucleic acids. Size exclusion media complete the set of HPLC variants enabling a discrimination of proteins
according to their size and shape in an isocratic elution mode. Basically, protein purification and isolation is a multistage
process where-by the HPLC variants are combined in a logistic sequence, utilizing the different selectivities of the phase
systems and thus maximising resolution, speed and throughput. 相似文献
47.
The method for the prediction of capacity factors in ternary mobile phases is presented. The adsorption mechanism of retention is considered. The simple theoretical equations are proposed for mobile phases for which the ratio of mole fractions of the weaker solvents remains fixed. The relations between parameters characterizing retention in ternary and binary mobile phases are discussed. The theoretical model is verified for numerous solutes and different mobile phases. 相似文献
48.
This paper concerns the application of excess adsorption isotherms, measured for solvent mixture/adsorbent systems, to the characterization of TLC data. For this purpose the excess adsorption isotherms for three liquid mixtures: cyclohexane/ benzene, benzene/acetone, and carbon tetrachloride/ethyl acetate on silica gel at 20°C have been measured. These mixtures have been used as binary mobile phases in TLC measurements. It has been shown for a given solute in binary mobile phase that the quantity RM is a simple function of the excess adsorption. Parameters of this function have been used to characterize chromatographic systems with binary mobile phases. 相似文献
49.
50.
本文分析了目前移动基站建设存在的主要问题及其产生根源,提出规范移动通信基站建设,将其作为城市公用设施纳入城市规划的观点.并根据国家及政府有关部门的政策法规及国内先行城市的成功经验,结合本市的实际情况,对规范移动通信基站建设的本地立法工作提出了建议. 相似文献