Evaluation of Water Ammonium Ion Test Kit and Its Feasibility for the Analysis of Protein in Food

The traditional method for the determination of protein in food needs the operations of digestion, distillation, absorption, and titration; therefore, it is complicated and time-consuming and requires professional personnel. Is there a more convenient and faster detection method that can directly determine the ammonium ions in protein digestion solution to obtain the protein content of food and avoid the distillation–absorption–titration process? The feasibility of water ammonium ion test kits for food protein rapid detection was discussed here. After digestion, the protein in food transforms into ammonium ions in the digestion solution. Because of the variety of food, there are many different inorganic ions left in the food digestion solution, and at the same time, digestion agents are added in the digestion process and become potential interference factors in ammonium determination. Therefore, the detection accuracy of ammonium test kits needs to be evaluated first, including their anti-interference ability. The standard curve of ammonium was established by the test kit. When the ammonium concentration was 0.00–2.50 mg/L, the absorbance at 620 nm was linearly related to the ammonium concentration, the determination coefficient R² was 0.9995, and the detection limit of this method was 0.01 mg/L. The influences of temperature, pH value, and reaction time on the test kit method were discussed. The precision was 0.90–3.33%; the repeatability was 1.71–4.86%; and the recovery rate of tap water, river water, and sea water was controlled within 90–103%. The anti-interference ability of the evaluated test kit was better than that of the national standard detection method. The test kit, combined with sample pretreatment and protein conversion formula, was used to detect protein in different types of food (milk powder, rice flour, wheat flour, soy, banana, milk, fish food, chicken food, and dog food). The results showed that there were no significant differences (ρ > 0.05) between the national method and the test kit method. The ammonium ion test kit method shortened the determination time and had higher sensitivity, showing its potential for the rapid determination of food protein.     

坝前淤泥土与新填坝体接触面抗剪强度试验研究及工程应用

坝前淤泥面与新填筑坝体接触面是"坝前淤泥面加坝"技术的薄弱环节.为了探究不同工况下淤泥坝基、新填筑坝体,以及淤泥土-新填土接触面的剪切强度特性,以宁夏南部山区西吉县南川水库坝前淤泥面加坝工程为研究对象,通过常规应变式直剪仪、改进常规应变式直剪仪分别进行剪切试验,分析了淤泥土含水率和压实度变化时,淤泥土、新填土、淤泥土-...     

直接解调方法在嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪地面验证实验数据分析中的应用

"嫦娥一号"卫星是我国的第一颗月球探测卫星,运行轨道高度为200 km,预计工作寿命为一年,其上配备的X射线成像谱仪具备了对月表进行X射线探测、成像和对太阳X射线进行监测的功能.该X射线谱仪由两个全同的探测器阵列组成,其中,为了实现对月表主要化学元素分布及其含量进行探测的科学目标,在每个探测器阵列还配备了2个低能探测器单元.这4路低能探测器单元的面积为25 mm2,采用的都是厚度为500 μm,具有优良探测性能的Si-PIN探测器,其探测能区为1～10 keV,能量分辨率为～5%@5.9 kev.文章主要介绍了嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪的地面验证实验,并且根据X射线谱仪的能量响应矩阵,利用直接解调方法和基本参数法对X射线谱仪地面验证实验中的探测数据,特别是对盲测样品中的Mg,Al,Si等元素进行了定性和定量分析.     

高温环境下结构模态试验技术

由于高超声速飞行器长时间在大气层内工作会面临恶劣的气动热环境,飞行器结构地面模态试验必须考虑高温影响,但高温环境下结构模态试验远比常规试验复杂,目前仍存在很多技术难点亟待解决.本文首先对高温环境下的结构模态试验技术国内外发展现状进行了综述,详细分析了现有的高温环境下结构模态试验中的激励力与振动响应测量技术的特点及适用性,最后展望了高温环境下结构热模态试验技术的发展方向和研究重点.     

利用全元素矩张量反演方法识别地下核爆炸

将震源矩张量中的各分量作为权重因子,利用基本Green函数的线性组合可以对地震波场进行描述,本文利用水平分层模型下的广义反射-透射系数方法的地震波场正演公式,反演了苏联东哈萨克斯坦地下核试验场的7次地下核爆炸、3次震中位置相近的天然地震的震源矩张量,反演结果表明地下核爆炸震源明显含有爆炸源成分,同时包含双力偶成分（DC）和线性偶极补偿源成分（CLVD）,且CLVD成分比重大,CLVD的存在可用层裂机制来解释;天然地震震源矩张量的反演结果表明,DC源为主要成分,符合剪切位错震源模式。

     

乐山泥岩的水土曲线和崩解特征试验研究

红层软岩的崩解性引发显著的软岩风化破裂现象,经常导致坡体不稳定、岩石崩落等不良地质现象。为深入理解泥岩的水土特征曲线（soil and water characteristic curve,SWCC）和浸水崩解特征,以乐山红层泥岩为例,采用滤纸法、浸水法等试验方法系统研究了泥岩的SWCC以及其在水中崩解的特征,构建了适合于该地区的SWCC模型,并讨论了浸水时间对泥岩崩解质量、颗粒级配的影响。结果表明：（1）泥岩的SWCC呈单峰曲线,随着含水率的减少,基质吸力增大。（2）通过与4种典型率定曲线的拟合比较,基质吸力拟合结果表现出良好的相关性（R²≥92%）,其中Fredlund &; Xing模型能够更准确地反映该地区泥岩的SWCC（R²=96%）。（3）浸水试验表明,0~6 h为快速崩解期,6~12 h为慢速崩解期,12 h后为长期崩解期。干湿交替浸水可以加速泥岩在亲水初期的崩解速率,但在最终崩解量方面与持续浸水基本一致。（4）浸水崩解后,颗粒粒径变化主要集中在2～20 mm范围内,级配曲线D₆₀,D₃₀,D₁₀和C_u值随着浸水时间的增大而减少,表明泥岩颗粒粒径随时间逐渐减小。（5）该泥岩耐崩解指数拟合公式为${y}$=1.17e^–0.22x,拟合度良好（R²≥99%）,根据I_d2=0.76判断该地区泥岩崩解性为弱~中等崩解性。该成果可为该地区泥岩的水土特性和崩解特性提供重要的定量数据支持,以及为该地区工程建设提供理论依据。

     

中央肋对接平尾结构非对称载荷测量技术

针对中央肋对接平尾结构,使用直接测量法和提出的唯象拟合法对其非对称弯矩载荷进行测量。通过先后开展虚拟试验和地面载荷校准试验,分别建立了两种测量方法的非对称载荷模型,并对其适用性和准确性进行研究。地面试验和飞行试验结果显示,唯象拟合法能够有效地完成平尾结构的非对称载荷测量,地面试验验模误差最大值为1.57%;直接测量法由于中央对称面附近连接有对接肋和平尾接头等导致局部传力比较复杂,测量精度较差,地面试验验模误差达到8.11%。

     

地下隧道开挖中饱水围岩的力学特性研究

为探究不同开挖方式对应的卸荷速率对饱水围岩的影响,对饱水砂岩开展了常规三轴压缩试验和轴向位移不变的卸围压（速率为0.1~5 MPa/s）试验。结果表明：在卸围压试验中环向变形是破坏的主要原因;随着卸围压速率的增加,破坏点的围压和轴向主应力增加且位于常规三轴压缩包络线外,环向能、总能和耗散能的变化量呈V形变化,试样的破坏模式由共轭剪切破坏转化为张应变 + 共轭剪切混合破坏,试样的剪胀角随着塑性剪切应变的增加先降低后增加。

     

八维广义同步系统在伪随机数发生器中的应用

该文提出一类4维离散系统。利用系统平衡点处 Jacobi 矩阵的特征值来分析系统在平衡点处的稳定性,建立了一个判别这类系统为周期或混沌的定理。依据该定理构造了一个新的4维离散系统。该系统具有正的Lyapunov指数,数值模拟显示该系统的动力学行为具有混沌特性。结合该系统和系统广义同步定理构造了一个8维广义同步混沌系统。利用该系统构造了一个16 bit混沌伪随机数发生器 (CPRNG),其密钥空间大于21245。利用FIPS 140-2 检测/广义FIPS 140-2检测判别标准分别检测由CPRNG, Narendra RBG, RC4 PRNG和ZUC PRNG生成的1000个长度为20000 bit的密钥流的随机性。检测结果表明,分别有100%/99%, 100%/82.9%, 99.9%/ 98.8%和100%/97.9%密钥流通过FIPS 140-2检测/广义FIPS 140-2 检测标准。数值仿真显示不同密钥流之间有平均50.004%不同码。结果说明设计的伪随机数发生器有好的随机性,可以抵抗穷尽攻击。该文提出的CPRNG为密码安全的研究与发展提供了新的工具。     

Xylityl Sesquicaprylate Efficacy as an Antiseptic Ingredient for Oral Care Products (Mouthwash): An In Vitro Screening Investigation against Eight Microorganisms

For dental caries and periodontal diseases initiated by dental plaque (as bacterial communities) and to inhibit the growth of oral pathogenic bacteria, oral care products containing antiseptic active ingredients are highly recommended, nonetheless, side effects of such actives are a concern (teeth discoloration/staining and taste perception, for example). In this context, we challenged xylityl sesquicaprylate, an antiseptic compound from natural resources, as an active ingredient to be used in an alcohol-free mouthwash formulation. The xylityl sesquicaprylate sample was compared to a respective blank mouthwash formulation and one containing triclosan. The in vitro efficacy was screened by the time-kill assay against eight microorganisms. The xylityl sesquicaprylate-containing mouthwash (0.45% w/w) presented a particularly interesting profile of efficacy against Actinomyces viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia, with results of greater magnitude to reduce the log₁₀ of those microorganisms in comparison with the triclosan sample.