入侵植物喜旱莲子草预培养土壤对自身及同属本地植物生长的影响及机制

植物-土壤反馈可以在一定程度上阐明入侵植物入侵及维持的机制.通过比较入侵植物喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）预培养的土壤与本地植物莲子草（Alternanthera sessilis）预培养的土壤对入侵植物喜旱莲子草与本地植物莲子草生长的影响,从土壤肥力、微生物群落及化感物质等角度阐明喜旱莲子草入侵过程中的植物 土壤反馈作用及可能机制,为入侵植物入侵机理的阐明提供理论依据.喜旱莲子草预培养土壤与莲子草预培养土壤对自身及彼此的叶生物量、茎生物量、根生物量和总生物量均无显著影响.喜旱莲子草预培养土壤的碱解氮显著高于莲子草预培养土壤,但是2种土壤肥力对喜旱莲子草以及莲子草的生物量均不存在显著相关.喜旱莲子草预培养土壤经灭菌处理后可以显著地促进莲子草的根生物量、茎生物量及总生物量,显著地抑制莲子草的叶生物量,但对喜旱莲子草的生长无显著影响,表明喜旱莲子草预培养土壤中的微生物群落对莲子草的生长具有一定的抑制作用.喜旱莲子草预培养土壤经添加活性碳处理后对喜旱莲子草与莲子草的生物量均无显著影响,表明喜旱莲子草预培养土壤中的化感物质对莲子草的生长不具有显著作用.     

数量曲率的第二空隙

单位球面中极小浸入闭超曲面的第二基本形式S的可取值是否离散一直是受关注的问题．通过对此超曲面主曲率的研究,给出了S的可能值存在第二空隙的两个充分条件,并分别估计了在这些条件下的空隙长度．     

无损伤肠道机器人运行速度的研究

提出了一种结构简单的微型肠道机器人的驱动机构,当它在人体大,小肠中运行时可减轻或消除肠道机器人在体内运行时给患者带来的不适与痛苦。同时分析计算了此种肠道机器人在体内的运行速度,形成的粘液膜厚度及其影响因素。计算结果表明,肠道机器人在大,小肠中运行时可以形足够厚的粘膜,从而将机器人与肠道壁隔开,实现无损伤运行;影响机器人在肠道中运行速度和形成的粘液膜厚度的主要参数有驱动机的螺纹参数,肠道粘液的粘度和     

Hydrogen-Powered Microswimmers for Precise and Active Hydrogen Therapy Towards Acute Ischemic Stroke

Biodegradable microswimmers offer great potential for minimally invasive targeted therapy due to their tiny scale, multifunctionality, and versatility. However, most of the reported systems focused on the proof-of-concept on the in vitro level. Here, the successful fabrication of facile hydrogen-powered microswimmers (HPMs) for precise and active therapy of acute ischemic stroke is demonstrated. The hydrogen (H₂) generated locally from the designed magnesium (Mg) microswimmer functions not only as a propellant for motion, but also as an active ingredient for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation scavenging. Due to the continuous detachment of the produced H₂, the motion of the microswimmers results in active H₂ delivery that allows for enhanced extracellular and intracellular reducibility. With the help of a stereotaxic apparatus device, HPMs were injected precisely into the lateral ventricle of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. By scavenging ROS and inflammation via active H₂, MCAO rats exhibit significant decrease in infarct volume, improved spatial learning and memory capability with minimal adverse effects, demonstrating efficient efficacy on anti-ischemic stroke. The as-developed HPMs with excellent biocompatibility and ROS scavenging capability holds great promise for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke or other oxidative stress induced diseases in clinic in the near future.     

3D Printed Anchoring Sutures for Permanent Shaping of Tissues

Sutures are one of the most widely used devices for adhering separated tissues after injury or surgery. However, most sutures require knotting, which can create a risk of inflammation, and can act as mechanically weak points that often result in breakage and slipping. Here, an anchoring suture is presented with a design that facilitates its propagation parallel to the suturing direction, while maximizing its resistive force against the opposite direction of external force to lock its position in tissues. Different microstructures of suture anchors are systematically designed using orthogonal arrays, and selected based on shape factors associated with mechanical strength. 3D printing is used to fabricate different types of hollow microstructured suture anchors, and optimize their structure for the effective shaping of tissues. To define the structural design for fixing tissues, the maximum force required to pull 3D printed anchors in different directions is examined with tissues. The tissue reshaping function of suture anchors is further simulated ex vivo by using swine ear, nose, and skin, and bovine muscle tendon. This study provides advantages for building functional sutures that can be used for permanently reshaping tissues with enhanced mechanical strength, eliminating the need for knotting to improve surgical efficiency.     

Microneedle-based electrochemical devices for transdermal biosensing: a review

Many research efforts over the last decade have been devoted to the development of microneedle-based diagnostic devices for minimally invasive transdermal biosensing and for long-term health monitoring. Transdermal biosensing via microneedle allows the development of minimally invasive easy-to-use point-of-care biodevices. The main objective of this short review is to provide a general overview of the most immediate and relevant progress in microneedle-based transdermal biosensing in the last five years. A critical analysis of the recent literature is finally presented.     

A Novel Ultrafine Needle (UN) for Innocuous and Efficient Subcutaneous Insulin Delivery

Subcutaneous (SC) insulin injection has been demonstrated to be the most effective method for treatment of diabetes mellitus but is conventionally performed by hypodermic needles, leading to poor management of diabetes because of the pain, needle phobia, and tissue trauma. Identification of a viable, safe, and pain‐free alternative method has been a longstanding challenge in modern health care. Here, the thermoplastic droplet stretching technique is developed to create an ultrahigh‐aspect‐ratio needle mold with simple microstructure control. The optimized ultrafine needle (UN) with 4 mm length, minimized 120 µm outer diameter, and 15° sharp bevel angle is formed via electroplating of a metallic layer on the surface of a needle mold with forcing sharp tip. This novel UN enables minimally invasive 4 mm skin insertion to deliver insulin in the targeted SC layer. The similar relative areas under the curves of insulin concentration within UN and 31G needle in vivo insulin administration indicate that UN can ensure stable insulin absorption for secure blood glucose management. Additionally, the proposed fabrication method may facilitate industrialization and commercialization of the UN, holding great promise for replacement of hypodermic needles and for improvement of quality of life among patients with diabetes.     

Enumerating Constrained Non-crossing Minimally Rigid Frameworks

In this paper we present an algorithm for enumerating without repetitions all the non-crossing generically minimally rigid bar-and-joint frameworks under edge constraints, which we call constrained non-crossing Laman frameworks, on a given set of n points in the plane. Our algorithm is based on the reverse search paradigm of Avis and Fukuda. It generates each output graph in O(n ⁴) time and O(n) space, or, with a slightly different implementation, in O(n ³) time and O(n ²) space. In particular, we obtain that the set of all the constrained non-crossing Laman frameworks on a given point set is connected by flips which preserve the Laman property. D. Avis’s research was supported by NSERC and FQRNT grants. N. Katoh’s, M. Ohsaki’s and S.-i. Tanigawa’s research was supported by NEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on priority areas of New Horizons in Computing. I. Streinu’s research was supported by NSF grant CCF-0430990 and NSF-DARPA CARGO CCR-0310661.     

恰有k条非基本边的极小3连通图

设G是简单3连通图．G\e(删除边e)和G/e(收缩边e)都不是简单3连通图,则e称为G的基本边．对于3连通图中的非基本边．Tutte证明了：唯一没有非基本边的简单3连通图是轮．Oxley和Wu确定了至多有3条非基本边的所有极小3连通图以及恰有4条非基本的极小3连通图．Reid与Wu确定了至多有5条非基本边的极小3连通图．在本文中,我们在极小3连通图中定义了三种运算,然后通过轮利用这些运算的逆运算给出恰有k(k■2)条非基本边的极小3连通图的一种构造方法．