Multiple-mode Lamb wave scattering simulations using 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique

We have implemented three-dimensional (3D) elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT) simulations to model Lamb wave scattering for two flaw-types in an aircraft-grade aluminum plate, a rounded rectangle flat-bottom hole and a disbond of the same shape. The plate thickness and flaws explored in this work include frequency-thickness regions where several Lamb wave modes exist and sometimes overlap in phase and/or group velocity. For the case of the flat-bottom hole the depth was incrementally increased to explore progressive changes in multiple-mode Lamb wave scattering due to the damage. The flat-bottom hole simulation results have been compared to experimental data and are shown to provide key insight for this well-defined experimental case by explaining unexpected results in experimental waveforms. For the rounded rectangle disbond flaw, which would be difficult to implement experimentally, we found that Lamb wave behavior differed significantly from the flat-bottom hole flaw. Most of the literature in this field is restricted to low frequency-thickness regions due to difficulties in interpreting data when multiple modes exist. We found that benchmarked 3D EFIT simulations can yield an understanding of scattering behavior for these higher frequency-thickness regions and in cases that would be difficult to set up experimentally. Additionally, our results show that 2D simulations would not have been sufficient for modeling the complicated scattering that occurred.     

Theoretical validation on the existence of two transverse surface waves in piezoelectric/elastic layered structures

In this paper, we analytically study the dispersion behavior of transverse surface waves in a piezoelectric coupled solid consisting of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric ceramic layer and an isotropic metal or dielectric substrate. This study is a revisit to the stiffened Love wave propagation done previously. Closed-form dispersion equations are obtained in a very simple mathematical form for both electrically open and shorted cases. From the viewpoint of physical situation, two transverse surface waves (i.e., the stiffened Love wave and the FDLW-type wave) are separately found in a PZT-4/steel system and a PZT-4/zinc system. All the observed dispersion curves are theoretically validated through the discussion on the limit values of phase velocity using the obtained dispersion equations. Those validation and discussion give rise to a deeper understanding on the existence of transverse surface waves in such piezoelectric coupled structures. The results can be used as a benchmark for the study of the wave propagation in the piezoelectric coupled structures and are significant in the design of wave propagation in the piezoelectric coupled structures as well.     

Frequency dependence of images in scanning laser source technique for a plate

Defect imaging using scanning laser source technique has been investigated for a plate with rounded defects and notch-type defects in our previous studies. This paper examines frequency dependence of the defect images with both calculations and experiments in order to acquire clearer images. Both calculation and experimental results for a straight notch revealed that clearer images of notch-type defects can be obtained in the range of low frequency-thickness product below about 200 kHz mm. Moreover, images of the defects of various shapes were obtained by synthesizing images from eight receiving transducers, and similarly to the case of the straight notches, they became more clearly in the low frequency range.     

串联偏置迭堆式毫米波功率放大器的设计

设计了一种串联迭堆式偏置供电的毫米波功率放大器,其漏极供电电压高达+24V。该功率放大器共包含4个单芯片功率放大模块,每个模块承受+6V左右漏极电压。功率合成网络采用一分四的E面波导功分器,模块与功分网络间相互绝缘连接。该功率放大器最终实现的性能指标是:在直流偏置点(+24V,4.2A)条件下,功率放大器在频段26～30GHz内其连续波饱和输出功率大于42.1dBm,功率附加效率大于11.0%。提出了一种毫米波发射机功率输出部分新的构架形式,在模块级别对功率放大器串联馈电进行了首次尝试。     

微波滤波器设计的新观点

根据三角级数展开理论,将理想滤波器特性曲线做级数展开,然后用单节微带线逼近展开式中的一项或多项,级联后逼近理想的滤波器特性曲线。该方法避免了传统滤波器设计方法中的微带线建模分析的困难,在设计出的电路形式中,各单元的作用更易理解,给滤波器的调节也带来了方便。最后给出了该方法的设计实例,具有较好的频率特性曲线。     

泡沫对被动毫米波制导武器干扰效能分析

泡沫作为一种新的无源干扰手段,对被动毫米波制导武器干扰作用明显。从散射、反射和吸收角度对泡沫干扰机理进行了阐述,对被动毫米波制导武器的探测原理进行了简要介绍。根据被动毫米波制导武器探测目标及泡沫干扰的要求,分别计算了被动毫米波制导武器的遮蔽面密度和泡沫两点间面密度,通过两种面密度的比较,对泡沫的干扰效能进行了分析。     

Elastic moduli of η‐Ta2N3, a tough self‐healing material,via laser ultrasonics

The elastic moduli of the dense polycrystalline oxygen‐bearing η‐Ta₂N₃, a novel hard and tough high‐pressure (HP) material, were measured using the laser ultrasonic technique. The bulk modulus was determined to be B₀ = 281(15) GPa which is only ～11% below that from HP compression measurements. Our value of the shear modulus G₀ = 123(2) GPa is below those ones predicted theoretically for model structures. The discrepancies in G₀ could be due to a substitution of an‐ ions and the formation of cation vacancies in η‐Ta₂N₃. Self‐healing behaviour of η‐Ta₂N₃ by mechanical polishing was observed and confirmed by two independent experimental methods. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Kinetic description of bottleneck effects in traffic flow

This paper deals with the effects of traffic bottlenecks using an extended Lighthill-Whitham-Richards （LWR） model. The solution structure is analytically indicated by the study of the Riemann problem characterized by a discontinuous flux. This leads to a typical solution describing a queue upstream of the bottleneck and its width and height, and informs the design of a δ-mapping algorithm. More significantly, it is found that the kinetic model is able to reproduce stop-and-go waves for a triangular fun-damental diagram. Some simulation examples, which are in agreement with the analytical solutions, are given to support these conclusions.     

An asymptotic expansion for Stokes waves with viscosity

We use a formal asymptotic analysis to study the effects of weak viscosity on interfacial Stokes waves, which are nonlinear, periodic and steady progressive motions between two incompressible fluids. Our results provide a natural representation of viscous contribution to the motion of Stokes waves.     

Linear resonance in viscous films on inclined wavy planes

We study viscous gravity-driven films flowing over periodically undulated substrates. Linear analysis describes steady flow along small amplitude corrugations for films of arbitrary thickness. Solving the resulting system numerically, we demonstrate resonance (or, possibly, near resonance) and identify different behaviours for thin, intermediate and thick films. Approximating the leading-order velocity profile by the free surface value allows for an analytic solution, which – in the limit of high Reynolds numbers – recovers the different regimes and reveals the relevant physical mechanisms. Our results support the view that the resonance is associated with an interaction of the undulated film with capillary-gravity waves travelling against the mean flow direction. As a consequence, the resonance peak is attained under conditions that render the wave phase velocity equal to zero in the laboratory reference frame, and thus permit direct exchange of energy between the steadily deformed film and the free surface.