Magnetic micro‐solid‐phase extraction based on magnetite‐MCM‐41 with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of antidepressant drugs in biological fluids

A new facile magnetic micro‐solid‐phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection was developed for the extraction and determination of selected antidepressant drugs in biological fluids using magnetite‐MCM‐41 as adsorbent. The synthesized sorbent was characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. The maximum extraction efficiency for extraction of 500 μg/L antidepressant drugs from aqueous solution was obtained with 15 mg of magnetite‐MCM‐41 at pH 12. The analyte was desorbed using 100 μL of acetonitrile prior to gas chromatography determination. This method was rapid in which the adsorption procedure was completed in 60 s. Under the optimized conditions using 15 mL of antidepressant drugs sample, the calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0.05–500 μg/L (r ² = 0.996–0.999). Good limits of detection (0.008–0.010 μg/L) were obtained for the analytes with good relative standard deviations of <8.0% (n  = 5) for the determination of 0.1, 5.0, and 500.0 μg/L of antidepressant drugs. This method was successfully applied to the determination of amitriptyline and chlorpromazine in plasma and urine samples. The recoveries of spiked plasma and urine samples were in the range of 86.1–115.4%. Results indicate that magnetite micro‐solid‐phase extraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is a convenient, fast, and economical method for the extraction and determination of amitriptyline and chlorpromazine in biological samples.     

Active control of coaxial jet mixing with manipulation of primary vortical structures by arrayed micro flap actuators

Active mixing control of a methane/air isothermal coaxial jet was achieved using micro magnetic flap actuators arranged on the inner surface of the outer annular nozzle. The spatio-temporal evolution of vortical structures and the scalar mixing were studied through the particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence methods. In contrast to studies on jet control using acoustic forcing, the mechanical movement of the flap directly generated large-scale intense vortices. The mixing was enhanced significantly by the vortices formed in the inner shear layer, although the control input was given to the outer shear layer. It was found that the primary vortex rings dominated the near-field mixing, while streamwise vortices were responsible for the downstream mixing. It was also demonstrated that the radial range of the inner fuel transportation could be manipulated flexibly by adjusting the shedding interval of the vortices. Especially, the mixing was enhanced most significantly when the primary vortices were most densely populated near the nozzle exit at the control Strouhal number of unity.     

Non-equilibrium melting of colloidal crystals in confinement

A novel and flexible experiment is reported for investigation of the non-equilibrium melting behaviour of model crystals made from charged colloidal spheres. In a slit geometry, polycrystalline material formed in a low salt region is driven by hydrostatic pressure up an evolving gradient in salt concentration and melts at large salt concentration. Depending on particle and initial salt concentration, driving velocity and the local salt concentration, complex morphologic evolution is observed. Crystal–melt interface positions and the melting velocity are obtained quantitatively from time-resolved Bragg and polarisation microscopic measurements. A simple theoretical model predicts the interface to first advance, then for balanced drift and melting velocities to become stationary at a salt concentration larger than the equilibrium melting concentration. It also describes the relaxation of the interface to its equilibrium position in a stationary gradient after stopping the drive in different manners. The influence of the gradient strength on the resulting interface morphology and a shear-induced morphologic transition from polycrystalline to oriented single crystalline material before melting are discussed.     

Numerical study on the electron-wall interaction in a Hall thruster with segmented electrodes placed at the channel exit

Electron-wall interaction is always recognized as an important physical problem because of its remarkable influences on thruster discharge and performance. Based on existing theories, an electrode is predicted to weaken electron-wall interaction due to its low secondary electron emission characteristic. In this paper, the electron-wall interaction in an Aton-type Hall thruster with low-emissive electrodes placed near the exit of discharge channel is studied by a fully kinetic particle-in cell method. The results show that the electron-wall interaction in the region of segmented electrode is indeed weakened, but it is significantly enhanced in the remaining region of discharge channel. It is mainly caused by electrode conductive property which makes equipotential lines convex toward channel exit and even parallel to wall surface in near-wall re- gion; this convex equipotential configuration results in significant physical effects such as repelling electrons, which causes the electrons to move toward the channel center, and the electrons emitted from electrodes to be remarkably accelerated, thereby increasing electron temperature in the discharge channel, etc. Furthermore, the results also indicate that the discharge current in the segmented electrode case is larger than in the non-segmented electrode case, which is qualitatively in accordance with previous experimental results.     

微动平台压电作动器低频模型

针对六自由度平台的低频扰动,设计出一种用于低频隔振的压电作动器.通过作动器动态实验系统实验分析输入电压-输出力关系,结果表明,在低于25 Hz的动态电压驱动下,输入-输出不符合压电效应.因此,建立适用于平台低频控制的作动器低频双折线模型,并通过实验表明,所建低频模型能很好的吻合作动器的实际特性.     

超声拉伸纳米复相陶瓷非局部力学试验研究

提出了纳米复相陶瓷在超声振动条件下的单向拉伸实验方法,通过对超声振动拉伸下材料特性的实验研究,基于非局部理论,研究纳米复相陶瓷材料的断裂机制、微观组织和力学性能,获得超声频率对轴向拉伸应力的影响规律及非局部衰减率的变化规律.试验结果表明,试件在给定超声振动频率范围内拉伸时应力出现衰减现象,且随频率的增大更明显,对拉伸断口进行微观分析,结果表明,超声振动改变了材料的断裂方式和微观组织结构,增强了材料的韧性,说明在超声激励下更容易实现延性域加工.试验结果与非局部理论分析一致.     

一种优化的最大逼近角的CORDIC算法改进

本文提出了一种优化的最大逼近角的CORDIC算法改进,低位通过最高非零位最大逼近角的计算方法实现,高位通过高速进位加法器的结构实现.采用基本角度线性编码方式,不但使流水线方式容易实现,而且旋转方向也容易确定,同时减少了迭代次数和增加迭代速度,精度越高优势越明显.算法实现不需要ROM,能大大节省硬件资源,可以应用在高精度高速度的运算领域.     

微柱透镜自由立体前投影显示亮线的产生原因及消除方法

主要研究并设计了消除自由立体前投影显示亮线的增透膜系。分析了显示亮线产生的原因,该亮线是由微柱透镜表面的反射造成的。选用Ta2O5和SiO2设计了13层高硬度和高透过率的增透膜。三者的热膨胀系数基本一致,避免了膜层的断裂。该膜系的SiO2膜层总厚度大于1μm,大大提高了增透膜的耐摩擦性。Ta2O5膜层总厚度只有33.1nm,大大减少了高温蒸发时间,避免了PMMA板材的高温变形。镀膜后透镜板在可见光波段透过率理论最高可达98%左右,消除了表面反射亮线,大大提高了柱镜板的透过率。     

肼电弧增强推力器羽流温度光谱诊断

建立了一套光谱温度诊断系统,对以肼催化分解产物为推进剂的电弧增强推力器羽流信号进行了光谱温度诊断,基于谱线的绝对强度法得到对应不同波长的激发温度,由玻尔兹曼图法获得各条谱线的平均激发温度。结果表明:肼电弧增强推力器羽流中心激发温度最高,沿径向方向迅速下降;羽流的热力学非平衡态程度随径向距离增大和电流减小而降低;羽流温度随肼催化分解混合气中氨气比例增加而升高。     

基于RMC的微观截面参数化北大核心CSCD

为了进行堆芯计算,需要通过组件计算提前构建少群截面参数库。传统确定论的组件截面参数化方法针对宏观截面进行截面参数化,但这种方式不仅需要考虑多种物理状态参数,而且需要考虑历史效应对截面的影响。提出了基于核素微观截面的蒙卡程序参数化方法,该方法可以消除燃耗历史的影响,且考虑的物理状态仅为燃耗深度以及材料温度。利用蒙卡程序产生组件截面参数库耦合堆芯程序进行堆芯计算,首先用蒙卡程序同时统计对应状态点下的核素密度以及核素少群微观截面,再利用核素微观截面进而获得宏观截面进行后续堆芯计算。为了验证方法正确性,构造了一个自定义的压水堆模型,计算结果与连续能量蒙卡计算结果符合良好。