Non‐Lithography Hydrodynamic Printing of Micro/Nanostructures on Curved Surfaces

A key issue of micro/nano devices is how to integrate micro/nanostructures with specified chemical components onto various curved surfaces. Hydrodynamic printing of micro/nanostructures on three‐dimensional curved surfaces is achieved with a strategy that combines template‐induced hydrodynamic printing and self‐assembly of nanoparticles (NPs). Non‐lithography flexible wall‐shaped templates are replicated with microscale features by dicing a trench‐shaped silicon wafer. Arising from the capillary pumped function between the template and curved substrates, NPs in the colloidal suspension self‐assemble into close‐packed micro/nanostructures without a gravity effect. Theoretical analysis with the lattice Boltzmann model reveals the fundamental principles of the hydrodynamic assembly process. Spiral linear structures achieved by two kinds of fluorescent NPs show non‐interfering photoluminescence properties, while the waveguide and photoluminescence are confirmed in 3D curved space. The printed multiconstituent micro/nanostructures with single‐NP resolution may serve as a general platform for optoelectronics beyond flat surfaces.     

In‐situ preparation of porous monolithic polymer inside hollow fiber as a micro‐solid phase extraction device for glucocorticoids in cosmetics

Glucocorticoids have a certain whitening effect on the skin. However, frequent and long‐term use of cosmetics including glucocorticoids is harmful to health. Herein, we proposed a novel micro‐solid phase extraction method for the detection of prednisolone acetate, prednisone, and prednisolone in cosmetics coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography. In this method, porous monolithic polymer micro‐extraction bars were prepared by “one‐step, one‐pot” in situ photopolymerization combined with sacrificial support in hollow fiber under water atmosphere. The crucial factors such as pH of sample solution, extraction, and elution times that influence micro‐extraction were optimized and found to be 9.0, 2 h, and 32 min, respectively. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range of the calibration curves were from 5.0 to 2000 µg/L with correlation coefficients (R²) between 0.9922 and 0.9996. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1.5 µg/L and 5.0 µg/L, respectively, and the recoveries were found to be in range of 69.0–113.3%. The analysis of precision for intraday and interday were less than 10.40 and 10.59%. The device has been successfully achieved photopolymerization under water atmosphere. The results indicated that this method is simple, accurate, and satisfactory for the pretreatment and determination of glucocorticoids in complex cosmetics samples.     

基于畸变梯度重构畸变的在轨标定方法

提出一种基于畸变梯度重构畸变的在轨标定方法,该方法充分利用微角秒测量精度的星间距测量技术,不受恒星赤经、赤纬精度的限制,能使望远镜光学畸变的标定精度达到微角秒量级。介绍了基于畸变梯度重构畸变的原理,并对由光学设计软件导出的光学系统进行了畸变标定仿真实验,结果表明：当光学系统波像差控制在0.073 3λ内且星角间距测量误差为0.3微角秒时,畸变标定精度可达0.28微角秒,满足近邻宜居行星探测的畸变标定要求。     

MEMS工艺制备pH-ISFET/REFET功能膜研究

微电子技术的快速发展,促使硅基传感器向着集成化、微型化、可批量加工方向发展.对于pH-ISFET集成芯片而言,如何以MEMS工艺制备性能优良的pH功能膜,是其发展的关键.目的：以适合批量加工的MEMS工艺研制pH功能膜;方法：在小尺寸集成芯片的基础上,以MEMS工艺分别制备Ta2O5材料的pH敏感膜,PTFE材料的pH钝化膜;结果：在pH1～12范围内,Ta2O5膜pH-ISFET对H＋的灵敏度达56mV/pH,PTFE膜REFET对H＋的响应仅为0.13mV/pH;结论：采用MEMS工艺,可对以标准CMOS技术加工的ISFET集成芯片系统,进行后续加工,从而实现传感器芯片系统的全过程批量加工.     

负电性纳米银溶胶SERS活性及稳定性的比较研究

用单宁还原硝酸银可制得表面带负电的、对阳离子型分子具有较强SERS效应的纳米银。为了进一步测试负电性纳米银溶胶的SERS活性及稳定性,在室温下用制针剂的封装机将样品(old NCS)封装并保存。两年后与新制备的负电性纳米银溶胶(new NCS)比较,用透射电镜观测发现old NCS与new NCS相比银粒子尺寸增大;用紫外可见吸收光谱测定old NCS的吸收峰为431 nm,new NCS的吸收峰为418 nm,old NCS与new NCS相比吸收峰发生红移。为比较old NCS及new NCS的SERS活性选取阳离子型分子、中性分子及阴离子型分子作为测试分子,用拉曼光谱仪测试这些分子在两种纳米银上的SERS谱,结果发现,阳离子型分子碱性品红、中性分子吖啶橙在old NCS及new NCS上SERS较强,阳离子型分子亚甲基蓝在old NCS上与在new NCS上相比SERS较弱,阴离子型分子苯甲酸在old NCS及new NCS均未观察到SERS信号。     

不同气体工质对激光推力器冲量耦合系数的影响

通过冲击摆实验,测量了激光推力器在不同气体工质(氩气,氦气)、不同工作压力条件下的冲量耦合系数,比较了不同气体对激光推力器冲量耦合系数的影响.实验结果表明:冲量耦合系数随着环境压力的下降而下降,并且下降趋势越来越快;在氩气中测量的冲量耦合系数比氦气的高;实验产生误差的主要因素是摆角的测量误差.     

微气相色谱法分析氢氘同位素组分气体

该文建立了聚变堆燃料循环系统中氢氘组分的微气相色谱定量分析方法。采用MnCl2溶液改性的氧化铝色谱柱(4～6 m×0.53 mm)为分离柱,考察了改性液含量、色谱柱长和载气流量对氢氘组分分析的影响,在液氮低温(77 K)条件下实现了H₂、HD和D₂混合物的分离。结果表明,19%MnCl2溶液处理的色谱柱分离氢同位素的效果优于15%MnCl₂溶液处理的色谱柱;柱越长,H₂和HD的分离效果越好,当色谱柱长度大于5 m时,H2和HD组分可以完全分离,分离度大于1.5;HD和D2的最小理论塔板高度分别为0.013 cm和0.016 cm。He中H2、HD、D23组分氢同位素在0%～10%含量范围内的线性相关系数均不低于0.993,检出限(LOD)分别为600.1、343.8、654.5μL/L。方法的相对标准偏差为0.34%～1.5%。该法是一种快速、准确、实用的氢同位素分析方法,有望用于聚变堆D/T燃料循环系统氢同位素气体的测定。     

MPL探测气溶胶误差的数值模拟计算研究

微脉冲激光雷达(micropu lse lidar,MPL)是一种新型的激光雷达系统。通过对其探测的大气气溶胶后向散射比和后向散射系数进行误差的数值模拟计算,分析了误差源及其不确定性,给出了误差数值模拟计算的方法。较为详细地分析和讨论了各误差源对大气气溶胶后向散射比和后向散射系数的影响,为进一步提高微脉冲激光雷达的测量精度提供了可靠的理论依据。     

静电微反射镜的发展与应用

本文从静电微反射镜结构、驱动方式、加工工艺等方面对目前静电微反射镜的原理和实现方法进行总结。分别讨论了它们的功能特点和应用方向。分析了不同应用领域的静电微反射镜的性能要求和结构方式,重点介绍了静电微反射镜在投影显示器和空间光通信等领域的应用。最后讨论了静电微反射镜在光学特性分析、驱动方式、工艺设计、动态特性和控制方法等方面的关键问题及发展方向。     

Protecting structure analyses of organic molecule-protected nanoscopic noble metal clusters

The stabilizing structure of cationic surfactant-protected platinum clusters in water and tertiary amine-protected rhodium clusters in chloroform, prepared by photo- and hydrogen-reduction, respectively, was investigated. These nanoscopic noble metal clusters present a narrow size distribution and are stable. The structural information of protective organic molecules on the surface of metal clusters was studied by transmission electron microscopy and hydrodynamic radius measurements according to the Taylor dispersion method. The size of the entire cluster with the protective layer surrounding the metal surface, obtained as Stokes' radii by the Taylor dispersion method, is considered to be fairly consistent with the sum of the naked particle size, obtained by transmission electron micrographs, and the size of the adsorbed protective layer, supporting the conformational information.