对固体圆二色光谱测试方法的再认识——兼谈“浓度效应”

对近期发展的固体圆二色(CD)光谱测试方法进行了概述、评价和比较, 着重探讨了“浓度效应”的存在使固体CD光谱失真的原因. 通过对本课题组和其他作者已报道的四种化合物的固体CD谱再测试的反思, 强调了依手性化合物的手性光谱学性质不同, 根据浓度梯度实验选择其合适测试浓度的必要性. 对固有手性的阻转异构化合物(S)-1,1'-联二萘酚(S-BINOL)进行了成膜法固体CD谱浓度梯度测试, 发现所得固体薄膜CD谱中也存在着“浓度效应”     

对固体圆二色光谱测试方法的再认识——兼谈“浓度效应”

对近期发展的固体圆二色(CD)光谱测试方法进行了概述、评价和比较, 着重探讨了“浓度效应”的存在使固体CD光谱失真的原因. 通过对本课题组和其他作者已报道的四种化合物的固体CD谱再测试的反思, 强调了依手性化合物的手性光谱学性质不同, 根据浓度梯度实验选择其合适测试浓度的必要性. 对固有手性的阻转异构化合物(S)-1,1'-联二萘酚(S-BINOL)进行了成膜法固体CD谱浓度梯度测试, 发现所得固体薄膜CD谱中也存在着“浓度效应”     

对固体圆二色光谱测试方法的再认识——兼谈“浓度效应”

对近期发展的固体圆二色(CD)光谱测试方法进行了概述、评价和比较, 着重探讨了“浓度效应”的存在使固体CD光谱失真的原因. 通过对本课题组和其他作者已报道的四种化合物的固体CD谱再测试的反思, 强调了依手性化合物的手性光谱学性质不同, 根据浓度梯度实验选择其合适测试浓度的必要性. 对固有手性的阻转异构化合物(S)-1,1'-联二萘酚(S-BINOL)进行了成膜法固体CD谱浓度梯度测试, 发现所得固体薄膜CD谱中也存在着“浓度效应”     

Application of jäntti's method to volumetric adsorption measurements

Jäntti introduced a method to calculate the adsorption equilibrium by measuring the actual adsorbed amount three times after a change to the gas pressure. By this method the experimental time for adsorption measurement can be considerably shortened. The procedure was developed for use in adsorption measurements where the adsorbed masses are directly measured with a balance. In the present paper we will demonstrate that the method is particularly useful in volumetric (manometric) measurements.     

Neutral loss of amino acid residues from protonated peptides in collision-induced dissociation generates N- or C-terminal sequence ladders

The widespread occurrence of the neutral loss of one to six amino acid residues as neutral fragments from doubly protonated tryptic peptides is documented for 23 peptides with individual sequences. Neutral loss of amino acids from the N-terminus of doubly charged tryptic peptides results in doubly charged y-ions, forming a ladder-like series with the ions [M + 2H](2+) = y(max) (2+), y(max - 1) (2+), y(max - 2) (2+), etc. An internal residue such as histidine, proline, lysine or arginine appears to favor this type of fragmentation, although it was sometimes also observed for peptides without this structure. For doubly protonated non-tryptic peptides with one of these residues at or near the N-terminus, we observed neutral loss from the C-terminus, resulting in a doubly charged b-type ion ladder. The analyses were performed by Q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry, facilitating the recognition of neutral loss ladders by their 2+ charge state and the conversion of the observed mass differences into reliable sequence information. It is shown that the neutral loss of amino acid residues requires low collision offset values, a simple mechanistic explanation based on established fragmentation rules is proposed and the utility of this neutral loss fragmentation pathway as an additional source for dependable peptide sequence information is documented.     

Computer aided measurement of the electromagnetic parameter for the microwave absorbing materials

The electromagnetic parameters of microwave absorbing materials are important criteria when appraising the properties of absorbents. For reconstruction of parameters which belongs to the inverse scattering problem, the test data in requirement of traditional impedance method are "just enough" and not "redundant" to comprehensively evaluate the electromagnetic properties of materials. A novel optimization approach involving multiple impedance measurements is introduced in this paper to implement automatic measurement for electromagnetic parameters on microwave slot-line. Some results for standard samples and microwave absorbing materials are given.     

Measurement error and the Albert-Loewer problem

Modal interpretations of QM have the welcome consequence that unitarily evolved post-measurement states which superpose eigenstates of the anticipated pointer observable can represent devices registering determinate measurement outcomes. Albert and Loewer have claimed that modal interpretations cannot account for the outcomes of error-prone measurements. But Albert, Loewer, and their commentators have not always appreciated the relation of measurement error to the Albert-Loewer problem. I argue that measurement error is neither necessary nor sufficient to generate the Albert-Loewer problem, and use the Araki-Yanase theorem to show that measurements of a large class of observables, if they are error-free, are beset by the Albert-Loewer problem.     

基于双摄像头的心率测量系统的设计与改进

针对在外部干扰或昏暗环境下利用图像光电容积描记(image Photoplethysmography,iPPG)技术进行心率测量时准确度较差,提出了一种自适应心率提取算法,并在嵌入式硬件平台上进行了验证。算法根据图像中人脸与背景区域的色度关系来识别不同的场景并启动合适的摄像头进行图像采集及自适应映射,接着对提取出的信号进行滤波,在信号质量评估后输出结果。上述方法在Zynq平台上进行了验证,使用双摄像头实现实时心率测量,并对结果进行可视化输出。实验结果表明:优化后的算法在光照及运动的双重干扰下的测量误差从3.36BPM降至2.78BPM,准确率提升了17.3%。另外,所设计的系统能够实现在极端黑暗条件下的心率采集,平均误差约为2.39BPM。     

基于衍射色散原理的光谱共焦位移测量技术综述

位移检测技术是几何量精密测量的基础,在当代精密制造领域应用广泛。光谱共焦位移测量技术具有对环境杂散光、被测物倾斜、材料类型不敏感,测量频率高以及分辨率高等优点,可以检测位移量、表面粗糙度、三维形貌以及单层或多层透明材料的厚度,在精密位移测量领域中占据重要地位。近年来,利用衍射光学元件提高光学系统性能的光谱共焦测量技术被广泛研究。文章综述了基于衍射色散原理的光谱共焦位移测量技术的研究进展。首先,介绍了光谱共焦位移测量原理和衍射光学元件的色散特性;其次,阐述了基于衍射色散原理的光谱共焦位移测量技术的发展历史及研究进展;最后展望了该技术的发展趋势。     

一种基于电荷泵锁相环的快速啁啾发生器

调频连续波(FMCW)雷达常用于测量多个目标的距离和速度,被广泛用于自动驾驶场景中。FMCW雷达产生的线性调频波称为啁啾(Chirp),通常由锁相环(PLL)电路产生。由于带宽有限,传统锯齿啁啾下降时间过长,降低了雷达性能。文章提出了一种基于分段电流电荷泵的快速啁啾发生器设计方案。调频阶段采用最佳电荷泵电流,即最优环路带宽,可保证啁啾的线性度。啁啾下降阶段使用更大的电流,可缩短下降时间。仿真结果表明,啁啾发生器频率输出范围为19.25～20.25 GHz, 1.2 V电压下整体功耗为31.8 mW。PLL带宽为1.5 MHz时,锯齿形啁啾下降的最大调制速率为454 MHz/μs。与恒定电荷泵电流方式相比,下降时间缩短了80%。