Fatigue‐Resistant Bioinspired Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites

Graphene is an attractive building block for constructing functional materials of flexible electronic devices, due to its extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties. Up to now, large amounts of high‐performance graphene‐based nanocomposites are fabricated. However, the fatigue behavior of graphene‐based nanocomposites, a key parameter for flexible electronic devices, is rarely investigated. According to the fatigue mechanisms of thermosetting polymer composites, the fatigue resistance of graphene‐based nanocomposites can be significantly improved by effectively restricting the crack growth. Natural nacre demonstrates unique multisuppression of crack propagation, which is attributed to its sophisticated interfacial architecture over multiple length scales, resulting in remarkable fracture toughness. The crack suppression mechanisms corresponding to different interfacial design strategies within bioinspired graphene‐based nanocomposites (BGBNs) are summarized in this feature article. The static mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and fatigue resistance of these BGBNs are compared and discussed. The synergistic effect from various interfacial interactions and building blocks is highlighted to serve as the guidance for constructing novel fatigue‐resistant BGBNs. The promising applications of fatigue‐resistant BGBNs in flexible electronic devices are reviewed, and several challenges and corresponding solutions are proposed. The perspective of fatigue‐resistant BGBNs for fundamental research and commercial application is depicted.     

基于材料疲劳的压电俘能器结构设计

现有的压电俘能器是通过增加振幅来提高俘能器的输出功率,但这种方法增加了压电材料的疲劳负担,使锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷(PZT)表面产生裂纹并迅速扩展,这使得整个俘能器的固有频率显著降低,对于俘能带宽本就很窄的压电俘能器来说无疑是毁灭性的。该文通过线性弹簧来拟合PZT的表面裂纹,建立了等效模型并推导出表面裂纹对结构固有频率影响的理论公式。理论推导得到了裂纹不扩展时的压电俘能器结构与环境的限制条件,并通过实验进行了验证。实验结果表明,当俘能器的振幅小于外加电场为1.5倍矫顽电场所等效的振幅时,系统的固有频率几乎不发生改变;而当俘能器的振幅大于此等效振幅时,系统的固有频率明显降低,而且振幅越大,下降速度越明显。     

铁电薄膜SrBi2Ta0．6Nb1．4O9的光疲劳特性研究

用PLD方法在铂金硅衬底制作了高质量的SrB i2Ta0.6Nb1.4O9(SBTN)铁电薄膜样品.研究了SBTN薄膜的电学和光学疲劳特性,分析了其机制.结果显示SBTN铁电薄膜,在电场疲劳下,具有无疲劳特性的优良电学性质;然而,在0.9 V电场下,用200W汞灯疲劳样品,发现光诱导极化疲劳明显,与疲劳前相比,剩余极化下降了51%.这种光诱导剩余极化减小的疲劳,主要机理是光生载流子电畴钉扎.     

Theory of Thermal Fatigue Caused by RF Pulsed Heating

The normal conducting electron-positron Linear Collider projects imply that accelerating structures and other RF components will undergo an action of extremely high RF fields. Except for the RF breakdown threat, there is an effect of the copper surface being damage due to multi-pulse mechanical stress caused by Ohmic losses in the skin layer. In this paper we would like to introduce a new “grain” model of the processes responsible for the fatigue of the metal surface. This model is based on the quasi-elastic interaction between neighboring grains in the metal due to the thermal expansion of the skin layer. This mechanism of fatigue is compared with another, where stresses are generated by the temperature gradient towards the bulk of the material. With the proposed formalism one can estimate the total number of the RF pulses required to fracture the surface depending on the temperature rise, pulse length and steady state temperature. The parameters necessary to finalize the proposed approach were found through the comparison of experimental data obtained at 11.424 GHz.     

基于静强度分布参数的复合材料剩余强度及寿命预测

为探讨剩余强度及疲劳寿命与初始静强度分布参数之间的关系,构建基于初始静强度分布参数的剩余强度和疲劳寿命计算模型。在模型构建过程中未涉及复合材料结构的层数、铺层厚度和铺层方向,适应性强。模型参数可通过静力试验和剩余强度试验获得,试验成本相对疲劳试验较低。剩余强度和疲劳寿命与初始静强度变异系数及其分布参数有关,当初始静强度服从威布尔分布时,疲劳寿命亦服从威布尔分布,可为开展疲劳可靠性提供借鉴和参考。算例表明,基于建立的模型,剩余强度计算结果最大误差为-1.58%,疲劳寿命与试验数据吻合较好。     

激光参数对活塞热疲劳实验的影响

基于强度分布变换的高功率激光进行了活塞热疲劳模拟实验。为摸索该实验系统下的实验参数,深入研究了激光能量分布、加载功率、加载周期(升温时间和降温时间)和输出波形等对活塞热疲劳实验的影响,实验表明调节这些参数可以控制活塞顶部温度场分布、温度循环的平均温度、温度差和循环频率,并结合热疲劳相关理论探讨了激光参数对热疲劳寿命影响的规律。     

激光冲击抗金属疲劳断裂的激光参数优化试验研究

描述了激光冲击参数对２０２４－Ｔ６２铝合金疲劳寿命的影响．当激光脉宽为５０ｎｓ时．试件表面产生有害的热损伤，疲劳寿命无显著性差别．当激光脉宽为１３ｎｓ时．试件表面未产生足够的塑性变形，疲劳寿命提高幅度不大．当激光脉宽为３０ｎｓ时，试件表面形成微凹致密的光亮冲击区．疲劳寿命获得大幅度提高，在９５％的置信度下．激光冲击试件的中值疲劳寿命是来冲击试件的４．２～８．１倍．     

A Novel Design Strategy for Fully Physically Linked Double Network Hydrogels with Tough,Fatigue Resistant,and Self‐Healing Properties

Double network (DN) hydrogels with two strong asymmetric networks being chemically linked have demonstrated their excellent mechanical properties as the toughest hydrogels, but chemically linked DN gels often exhibit negligible fatigue resistance and poor self‐healing property due to the irreversible chain breaks in covalent‐linked networks. Here, a new design strategy is proposed and demonstrated to improve both fatigue resistance and self‐healing property of DN gels by introducing a ductile, nonsoft gel with strong hydrophobic interactions as the second network. Based on this design strategy, a new type of fully physically cross‐linked Agar/hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide (HPAAm) DN gels are synthesized by a simple one‐pot method. Agar/HPAAm DN gels exhibit excellent mechanical strength and high toughness, comparable to the reported DN gels. More importantly, because the ductile and tough second network of HPAAm can bear stress and reconstruct network structure, Agar/HPAAm DN gels also demonstrate rapid self‐recovery, remarkable fatigue resistance, and notable self‐healing property without any external stimuli at room temperature. In contrast to the former DN gels in both network structures and underlying association forces, this new design strategy to prepare highly mechanical DN gels provides a new avenue to better understand the fundamental structure‐property relationship of DN hydrogels, thus broadening current hydrogel research and applications.     

激光冲击处理对铆接结构疲劳性能的影响(Ⅱ)

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一种考虑非比例附加损伤的多轴低周疲劳模型

在实际工作环境中,机械结构往往承受着多轴非比例循环载荷.相比多轴比例循环加载,多轴非比例循环加载由于产生了附加强化现象,造成机械结构疲劳寿命下降.通过分析薄壁圆筒管件在非比例加载工况下应力应变变化规律和发生破坏位置,本文基于临界面法提出一种考虑多轴非比例附加损伤的疲劳模型.该模型将最大剪切应变幅平面作为临界面,提出一个新的附加强化因子,结合临界面上切应变幅和正应变幅组成新的多轴疲劳损伤参量.此参量不仅考虑了非比例加载下临界面上正应变幅和切应变幅对材料造成的疲劳损伤,还考虑到应变路径的变化和材料非比例加载敏感特性对材料疲劳寿命的影响.考虑到实际情况下模型所需材料附加强化系数有时难以获得的情况,给出了材料附加强化系数的有关近似计算公式.只需要材料基本力学参数便可得到材料附加强化系数,方便工程实际应用.采用8种材料的多轴疲劳寿命数据对提出的新模型进行检验,结果表明所提出的新模型与传统多轴疲劳模型相比预测寿命精度更高.