收放式光电复合缆的研制与可靠性试验

从产品结构、材料选用、工艺参数等方面简述了收放式光电复合缆的可靠性设计,分析了工艺设计对产品性能的影响。列举了一些可行的疲劳试验方法,提出通过模拟使用工况的试验装置来验证产品可靠性的试验设想,以便作出可靠性评估,从而提高产品可靠性和使用寿命。     

弯曲应力状况下微型BGA封装可靠性比较研究

微型球栅阵列（μBGA）是芯片规模封装（CSP）的一种形式,已发展成为最先进的表面贴装器件之一。在最新的IxBGA类型中使用低共晶锡．铅焊料球,而不是电镀镍金凸点。采用传统的表面贴装技术进行焊接,研讨μBGA的PCB装配及可靠性。弯曲循环试验（1000～1000με）,用不同的热因数（Qη）回流,研究μBGA、PBGA和CBGA封装的焊点疲劳失效问题。确定液相线上时间,测定温度,μBGA封装的疲劳寿命首先增大,接着随加热因数的增加而下降。当Q。接近500S·℃时,出现寿命最大值。最佳Qη范围在300-750s·℃之间,此范围如果装配是在氮气氛中回流,μBGA封装的寿命大于4500个循环。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,来检查μBGA和PBGA封装在所有加热N数状况下焊点的失效。每个断裂接近并平行于PCB焊盘,在μBGA封装中裂纹总是出现在焊接点与PCB焊盘连接的尖角点,接着在Ni3Sn4金属间化合物（IMC）层和焊料之间延伸。CBGA封装可靠性试验中,失效为剥离现象,发生于陶瓷基体和金属化焊盘之间的界面处。     

不同波长蓝光LED对人体光生物节律效应的影响

以30名视力正常的学生为研究对象,采用剂量作业法、生理参数法和疲劳评价法研究了人体在峰值波长分别为468,457,453 nm的蓝光LED照明下的光生物节律效应。结果表明:在剂量作业法中,蓝光LED对错误率、工作速度和脑力工作指数的影响均为453 nm<457 nm<468 nm;在生理参数法中,468 nm蓝光LED对脉搏的变化影响最大,对收缩/舒张压的影响不明显;在疲劳评价法中,蓝光LED对人体舒适度的影响为453 nm<457 nm<468 nm。综上所述,在3种峰值波长蓝光中,468 nm的蓝光对人体光生物节律影响最大。     

激光喷丸改善TC6钛合金组织和力学性能

为了使激光冲击强化技术能较好地应用于TC6钛合金的发动机叶片,对TC6钛合金进行试验研究。通过X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等测试技术分析了不同参数下TC6钛合金的微观组织变化,用显微硬度计和残余应力测试仪分别表征表层硬度和残余应力变化,并测试材料冲击后的振动高周疲劳性能。试验结果表明:激光冲击材料后表面组织得到明显细化,随着冲击次数的增加,先后出现了高密度位错、位错胞、亚晶和纳米晶。性能方面,表面硬度在冲击一次即可提高19%,硬度影响深度达到700 m;与此同时表面残余应力最高达到-608.5 MPa,在500 m深度上仍具有-100 MPa左右的应力存在。经三次冲击后,标准疲劳试片的疲劳极限提高近20%。     

Extrusions and intrusions in fatigued metals. Part 1. State of the art and history†

Current state and historical progress in experimental and theoretical studies of surface relief appertaining to persistent slip bands (PSBs) and leading to fatigue crack initiation in cyclically deformed metals is presented as a thorough critical overview. A comprehensive inventory of microscopic techniques used for this study is tabulated chronologically with emphasis to their applicability to polycrystals. The most relevant experimental characteristics concerning surface relief evolution, namely the form of extrusions and intrusions in single- and polycrystalline materials, are surveyed. Theoretical models and computational simulations of extrusion and intrusion formation and fatigue crack initiation are critically reviewed.     

Size effects on tensile and fatigue behaviour of polycrystalline metal foils at the micrometer scale

Tensile and fatigue properties of as-rolled and annealed polycrystalline Cu foils with different thicknesses at the micrometer scale were investigated. Uniaxial tensile testing results showed that with decreasing foil thickness the uniform elongation decreases for both as-rolled and annealed foils, whereas the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase for as-rolled foils, but decrease for the annealed foils. For both the as-rolled or annealed foils, bending fatigue resistance decreases with decreasing the foil thickness. Deformation and fatigue damage behaviour of the free-standing foils were characterised as a function of foil thickness. In addition, the fatigue strength of various small-scale Cu foils was compared to understand the physical mechanisms of size effects on mechanical properties of the metallic material at micrometer scales.     

The effect of the location of stage-I fatigue crack across the persistent slip band on its growth rate – A 3D dislocation dynamics study

Abstract

A 3D dislocation dynamics study to ascertain the probable path of stage-I fatigue crack propagation across the persistent slip band (PSB) in austenitic stainless steel is presented. Cyclic plasticity and the resulting crack tip slip displacement (CTSD) are evaluated for cracks of varying length introduced at PSB-center and at two PSB-matrix interfaces. CTSD attains high value at either of the two interfaces irrespective of the proximity of crack front to the grain boundary. Further, a difference in microcrack propagation rate is also observed among the two interfaces. The present results assert microcrack propagation preferrentially along one of the two PSB-matrix interfaces rather than at the PSB-center. A pre-existing PSB dislocation structure localises the cyclic slip for crack lengths up to approximately half of the grain depth for an applied strain range of 2 × 10^?4.     

Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12薄膜的化学溶液淀积方法制备及表征

采用新颖的化学溶液淀积方法,配制出可长时间稳定的先体溶液,采用红外分析和热分析等手段,对成膜过程中发生的反应变化进行了分析,结果表明采用新的方法可以增加先体的稳定性,并且确定了薄膜的析晶温度.XRD测试表明薄膜在不到500℃即开始析晶,并且析晶情况与Bi含量有关.对薄膜的电学性能研究表明随着Bi含量的增加,薄膜的漏电性能和抗疲劳特性变差,矫顽场变大,而2Pr在Bi过量10%的情况下达到最大31.6 μ C/cm2.     

激光冲击处理1Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢

对1Cr11Ni2W2MoV马氏体不锈钢进行了激光冲击处理(LSP)的基础性研究。激光器最大输出能量为50J,激光功率密度3.7～7.5GW/cm2。吸收层和约束层分别选取Al箔和均匀流水层,激光束采用倾斜入射方式,实验对单光斑试样、搭接光斑试样、疲劳试样分别进行冲击。通过表面形貌、显微硬度和残余应力等检测,验证了激光功率密度对冲击区性能的影响。三组疲劳试件进行对比表明,先冲击后打孔试件的疲劳性能最好,其表面高幅值的残余压应力层能很好地抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和延长裂纹扩展的速率。实验证明激光冲击处理可以有效提高马氏体不锈钢的疲劳性能。     

基于视觉信息融合的驾驶员疲劳监测方法综述

驾驶疲劳已成为引发交通事故的主要原因,现介绍了疲劳产生的原因以及国内外对于疲劳状态监测技术的研究现状.详细分析了基于视觉信息的五种监测技术,认为没有一种单独的方法能够准确可靠地测量驾驶疲劳,提出了一种基于视觉信息融合的监测方法.