用于相变存储器的W亚微米管加热电极性能

为了降低C-RAM器件的操作电流,利用0.18μm标准CMOS工艺线制备出外径为260nm的W亚微米管加热电极,并对其进行了电学性能的表征.使用W亚微米管加热电极制备出C-RAM器件,并通过疲劳特性测试分析了器件失效的原因.结果表明,W亚微米管具有良好的电学稳定性和疲劳特性,为降低C-RAM器件的操作电流提供了一种非常有效的途径.     

火车轮轴、轮箍超声探伤工艺

目前,超声波探伤工艺在无损检测中具有广泛的应用,超声波探伤工艺对超声检测技术的发展起到至关重要的作用。通过分析火车轮轴、轮箍的疲劳裂纹及各种缺陷的特点,采用不同的超声探头和探伤工艺来针对不同的裂纹和缺陷进行探伤,并对缺陷进行了定性和定量的评价。结果表明,超声波探伤存在一定的优势,它减少了检测的时间,提高了检测的精度,且所需探头数目比常规探伤大大减少,具有很大的发展前景。     

Effects of load and thermal conditions on Pb-free solder joint reliability

Reliability of lead-free solder joints has been a hot topic widely debated in the electronic industry. Most published data indicate that a change to lead-free soldering has the potential benefit of more reliable solder joints than the current Sn-Pb eutectic solder joints. However, in reality many mechanical, metallurgical, thermal, and environmental factors affect the service reliability of solder joints. This paper tries to shed some light on the effects of mechanical loading and thermal conditions on solder joint reliability. These conditions are determined not only by external environments but also by the solder alloy itself and the joint geometry. Analyses with first principles are carried out on solder joints of both areal array and peripheral packages. Effects on fatigue life of solder joint geometry, thermal and mechanical characteristics of components and substrate materials, and application conditions are discussed. The analysis helps explain why lead-free solder joints may not be more reliable in certain application conditions than the current Sn-Pb eutectic solder joints.     

Fatigue failure criteria and degradation rules for composites under multiaxial loadings

To develop design rules for dynamically loaded composite structures, extensive static and cyclic tension/compression-torsion tests were carried out on carbon-fibre-reinforced composites, in which especially the important influence of multiaxial loading conditions on their fatigue behaviour was investigated. Physically based failure criteria for static loadings are modified for multiaxial cyclic loadings, and a good agreement with experiments is achieved. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 631–641, September–October, 2006.     

The effects of annealing on fatigue crack propagation in polyethylene

Fatigue crack propagation tests on annealed and quenched medium-density polyethylene showed the annealed specimens to have much lower resistance to crack initiation and subsequent propagation. Although the same fracture mechanism, in which the brittle crack gradually becomes more ductile, prevailed in both cases, the voided and fibrillated crack tip root craze in the annealed material was much weaker that the nonfibrillated quenched root craze. Microstructural analyses indicate that the annealed material had separate crystallite populations, whereas the quenched material had a more homogeneous morphology. The highest melting fraction of the annealed material was composed of lamellae that were about 270 Å thick, and the quenched lamellae were estimated to be 160 Å thick. The reduced fatigue crack propagation resistance of the annealed material was suggested to be a result of a lower concentration of tie molecules and its reduced damping capability, compared to the quenched material. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Monitoring of structures or mechanical components by an acoustoultrasonic signature technique

This paper describes a methodology for adapting the acoustoultrasonic technique for use in monitoring structures or mechanical components. As a practical example, the adaptation of the technique for monitoring fatigue tests on front suspension arms is considered. From this particular example, it will be shown that the procedure is suitable for application to more general cases. The results of a number of fatigue tests carried out at the Fiat Research Center on a typical component test rig are also presented.     

Effects of cooling rate on mechanical properties of near-eutectic tin-lead solder joints

This paper reports the results of a study on the effect of the cooling rate during solidification on the shear creep and low cycle shear fatigue behavior of 60 Sn/40 Pb solder joints, and on bulk solder tensile properties. Solder joints were made with three different initial microstructures by quenching, air-cooling and furnace-cooling. They have similar steady-state strain rates under creep at relatively high shear stresses (i.e. in the matrix creep region) but creep at quite different strain rates at lower shear stresses (i.e. in the grain boundary creep region). These results are ascribed to the refined grain size and less lamellar phase morphology that results on increasing the cooling rate. Tensile tests on bulk solders that were cold-worked, quenched and furnace-cooled show that a faster cooling rate decreases the ultimate strength and increases the ductility at low strain rates. The fatigue life of quenched solder joints is shown to be longer than that of the furnace-cooled joints.     

焊接接头热影响区表面裂纹疲劳扩展速率

给出了数据处理的方法，通过对试验数据的分析，给出了裂纹扩展速率与ΔK的关系，为油田的安全生产提供了依据。     

The mechanism of fatigue failure in a polyethylene copolymer

The fatigue behavior of an ethylene-hexene copolymer was investigated. The effects of R, frequency, relative times under the maximum and minimum stress, and waveform were measured. The phenomenological aspects were related to the microscopic aspects of the failure process. The maximum stress produces damage by disentangling the molecules in the fibrils of the craze and the minimum stress produces damage by bending the fibrils. The net damage, which is a product of these two damage processes, has been represented by a simple equation which accounts for the phenomenological observations.     

电镀镍层对金属封装外引线弯曲疲劳性能的影响

笔者系统地研究了改善金属封装外引线抗弯曲疲劳的方法。发现各种类型的电镀镍层对外引线弯曲疲劳性能有不同的影响,其中在氨基磺酸镍镀液中,采用多波形电流电镀时外引线抗弯曲疲劳的性能最好。另外,用H2作为保护气体,对引线弯曲性能较差的镀覆亮镍的金属封装进行退火,也能明显改善外引线的抗弯曲疲劳能力。