Total Synthesis of (−)‐Pepluanol B: Conformational Control of the Eight‐Membered‐Ring System

The first total synthesis of the Euphorbia diterpenoid pepluanol B in both racemic and enantioenriched form involves 20 steps from a known bicyclic diol. This synthesis features an unprecedented bromo‐epoxidation to control the eight‐membered‐ring conformation. In addition, salient reactions for the construction of the tetracyclic backbone include a sterically challenging aldol reaction to establish the quaternary center, a ring closing metathesis (RCM) to forge the eight‐membered ring, and a diastereoselective cyclopropanation to assemble the embedded cyclopropane motif.     

Determination of anabolic androgenic steroids as imidazole carbamate derivatives in human urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Anabolic androgenic steroids are widely abused substances in sports doping. Their detection present limitations regarding the use of soft ion sources such as electrospray or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In the current study, a novel derivatization method was developed for the ionization enhancement of selected anabolic androgenic steroids. The proposed method aims at the introduction of an easily ionizable moiety into the steroid molecule by converting the hydroxyl groups into imidazole carbamates using 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole as derivatization reagent. The proposed method was applied to water and urine samples spiked with exogenous anabolic androgenic steroids in various concentration levels. Steroid imidazole carbamate derivatives have shown intensive [M+H]⁺ signals under electrospray ionization and common fragmentation patterns in tandem mass spectrometry mode with [M‐CO₂+H]⁺ and [M‐ΙmCO₂+H]⁺ as major ions with low collision energy. The obtained results showed that the majority of steroids were detectable at concentrations equal or lower to their minimum required performance level according to the World Anti‐Doping Agency technical document. The proposed method is sensitive with a preparation procedure that could be easily applied to the analysis of doping control samples.     

分布振子复合板的模态阻尼及多点激励下阻尼减振相关性

分布阻尼振子可拓宽结构减振频带,因此可将振子分布于板中以形成复合板（简称“分布振子复合板”）,进而实现较宽的减振频带．对于多点支撑处受到宽频非一致激励（例如在不同激励点处的激励频率、幅值与相位有差异）的分布振子复合板,目前还缺乏有效简便的优化控制指标．在作者之前的研究中,针对含分布振子的梁推导了基于模态应变能的模态阻尼计算理论,讨论了模态阻尼与单点激励下梁的减振效果的相关性,并应用于宽频减振设计优化．本文进一步将模态阻尼计算理论推广到分布振子复合板,并将研究从梁的单点激励扩展到板的多点非一致激励下的阻尼减振相关性．首先,在利用模态应变能法推导得到分布振子复合板的模态阻尼计算公式后,从理论上讨论了不同边界条件与模态阶次对计算结果的影响,以及计算理论的适用性．而后,进一步通过有限元参数分析了边界条件、频率比、模态阶次与质量比的影响．最后,通过算例分析了无振子板或分布振子复合板在四个激励点具有多种幅值与相位组合情况下的稳态响应．结果表明,推导的模态阻尼计算公式可正确预测不同边界条件下的模态阻尼,且理论预测的模态阻尼与基板的稳态平均加速度减小率、稳态峰值应变能减小率均有较高的相关性．     

Effect of Interventions for Improving Lumbar Motor Control on Low Back Pain in Sedentary Office Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: To clarify the effect of intervention with dynamic motor control exercise (DMCE) for the lumbar region on low back pain in sedentary office workers (SOWs). Methods: The participants comprised 32 SOWs with low back pain who were randomly categorized into two groups: the DMCE group and the normal trunk exercise (NTE) group. Both groups performed each exercise for three days per week for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were evaluated for the lumbar and hip flexion angles during trunk forward bending, effect of low back pain on activities of daily living (using the Oswestry Disability Index), and intensity of low back pain (using the Visual Analog Scale) pre- and post-intervention. The extent of changes was calculated by subtracting the pre-intervention value from the post-intervention value and was compared between the two groups using an unpaired t-test. Results: The extent of changes in the lumbar flexion and hip flexion angles at 10° of trunk forward bending were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group, and no significant differences were noted between the two groups at other angles of trunk forward bending. The extent of changes in the Oswestry Disability Index and the Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group. Conclusion: DMCE is effective in improving motor control in the lumbar region and hip joints, thereby ameliorating low back pain in SOWs.     

AN ATM-LIKE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS INCLUDING ON-BOARD SWITCHING

In this paper, an ATM system architecture for satellite communications is described. The proposed architecture includes an on-board switch and implements the adaptation of real-time services (e.g. voice and video) and non-real-time services (e.g. data) to the satellite communication link, while achieving statistical advantage. To this end, the ATM traffic categories defined in recent specifications^1,2 are utilized. Real-time and non-real-time traffic components are simultaneously supported by a TDMA/TDM on the satellite uplink/downlink, respectively. By exploiting the burstiness of real-time traffic, the proposed satellite system architecture achieves a significant increase of the overall system throughput. After describing the satellite system architecture and addressing scheme, we derive analytical models, by using sophisticated queueing models that allow a very accurate performance evaluation and an easy dimensioning of the data buffers. The proposed model is validated with simulations. The main result is the assessed feasibility of on-board buffers with current technology, even under very strict performance requirements on cell loss ratio and for quite high load values (e.g. 80 per cent of the downlink capacity). Finally, a congestion control scheme, based on a combination of preventive and reactive strategies, is proposed and analysed.     

基于贝叶斯动态模型的某器件性能预测

在导弹武器系统当中,及时准确的故障预报对提高导弹的安全性具有极其重要的意义。本文根据导弹惯性器件故障预报系统的设计要求,利用贝叶斯动态线性模型对导弹某惯性器件的性能进行了预测研究。贝叶斯预测是利用历史信息和从样本获得的信息来获取后验分布的一种预测方法,该方法不需要平稳性的假设,而且充分利用了已有的信息,可以用来对电子设备的性能进行预测。实例研究表明,该方法具有比较好的预测效果。     

一类非线性不确定时滞系统的记忆与无记忆复合H∞状态反馈控制

针对一类具有状态非线性不确定性的线性时滞系统,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,利用线性矩阵不等式（LMI）方法,讨论了该类时滞系统的记忆与无记忆复合H∞状态反馈控制器的设计问题。在非线性不确定性满足增益有界条件下,得到了该类时滞系统的满足鲁棒H∞性能的一个充分条件。通过求解一个线性矩阵不等式-LMI,即可获得鲁棒H∞控制器。     

信息化网络化下航空火力与指挥控制系统概念探讨

为了在信息化、网络化的新形势下把握好航空火力与指挥控制系统的发展趋势,适应信息化战争的需要,本文论述了信息战的概念、特点、作用及发展趋势,分析了网络中心战理论模式,在此基础上,给出了武器系统信息化网络化对航空火力与指挥控制系统的影响。