Relation between light trapping and surface topography of plasma textured crystalline silicon wafers

Currently, in the photovoltaic industry, wet chemical etching technologies are used for saw damage removal and surface texturing. Alternative to wet chemical etching is plasma etching. However, as for example, the linear microwave plasma technique, developed by Roth&Rau, has not been implemented in the photovoltaic industry for etching, because of the very low etch rate (<1 µm/min) and the high cost of ownership related to the etching process. In this study, different front surface textured crystalline silicon wafers obtained by means of the linear microwave plasma technique and the expanding thermal plasma technique are investigated in terms of weighted reflection by using reflectometry (250–1200 nm) to study the optical properties of the textures in detail. In addition, atomic force microscopy is used to measure the surface topography to determine statistical roughness parameters, as presented in this paper. Effective light trapping can be obtained by multiple reflections as well as by a graded layer, which leads to a diffuse front surface, or a combination of both. A graded layer can be described as a smooth transition with increasing refractive index from air to silicon with typical thickness of (200 ± 50) nm. We have found that the average plane tilt angle correlates to the measured weighted reflection. Moreover, we can determine from the aspect ratio whether the light trapping is effective by multiple reflections. From the roughness exponent, which is a measure for the micro roughness, we can determine whether the light trapping is effective by a graded layer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New solutions for charge distribution on conductor surface

In the paper, a problem of electrostatics for charge distribution on a conductor surface is analytically solved for three new particular cases of conducting surfaces with complicated shape and specified value of electrostatic potential. The exact analytical expressions for surface charge density for the bodies are obtained. All the solutions are represented in a clear view of 3D graphs. It is shown that the proposed method of electrostatic problem for conductors allows to obtain infinitely many numerical solutions for the problem but only several special cases can be solved analytically.     

Investigation of the performance of bipolar transverse plate ESP in the sintering flue control

In order to improve the particle collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), a transverse plate ESP with bipolar discharge electrodes is proposed. The simulations of the velocity distribution have shown that when the inlet velocity is 1 m/s, within the range of 40 mm from electrode plate, the average velocities of windward side and leeward side are less than 0.7 m/s and 0.3 m/s respectively. It is clear that the velocity near the collection electrode plate of this bipolar ESP is much lower than that of the ordinary ESP at the same inlet velocity. This low velocity can lead to higher efficiency for fine dust collection due to the less dust re-entrainment in ESP. It is also found that the average velocities are getting lower when the distance between plates electrodes are greater than 150 mm in accordance with the simulations. The voltage current characteristics of the bipolar ESP are superior to the ordinary ESP. The pressure drop of the bipolar ESP is about 30% higher than that of the ordinary one. The dust penetration of the bipolar ESP is about 54% less than that of the ordinary ESP when the sintering dust with 25.405 μm mass median diameter is used as the test particulate under the condition of the electric field from 2.1 kV/cm to 3.2 kV/cm and the velocity from 1.0 m/s to 1.5 m/s.     

Numerical study on electrostatic potential distribution of large cylindrical oil tanks

This study carried out a numerical simulation of electrostatic potential distribution in the cylindrical oil tank, focusing on spatial distribution of electrostatic potential and the variation tendency of the potential in the filling operation. Electrostatic potential distribution of stationary oil was illustrated, and the relationship between the electrostatic potential distribution and some parameters of the tank and oil was analyzed as well. Dynamic electrostatic distribution was studied when charged oil is filling into the tank, and ESD prevention measures’ effects on electrostatic potential distribution were simulated. Finally, calculation results of two other types of oil tanks were presented in brief.     

基于单神经元PID控制器的压电陶瓷控制方法

卫星地面综合测试是卫星研制过程中的重要环节,对系统功能验证及性能评估具有重要作用。传统的卫星地面综合测试系统存在研制周期长、投入较大、自动化流程不够完整、可重用性较差等不足。而北斗导航卫星地面综合测试系统采用分布式、高实时性、可配置、多主机的集成体系结构,是集计算机通讯、实时控制、实时数据处理、事后分析等功能于一体的测试系统,适用于从卫星总装集成到发射各个阶段的电气测试。通过卫星系统级的各项接口、功能、性能指标测试,表明该系统满足支持系统论证、状态确认、问题排查等测试需求,有力支撑了北斗导航卫星的成功发射和在轨运行。     

利用高阶拉盖尔-高斯横模精确测量法布里-珀罗腔内原子的运动轨迹

研究了冷原子与法布里-珀罗腔内拉盖尔-高斯横模强耦合相互作用体系的透射光谱, 分析了透射光谱与原子在腔中运动轨迹的关系. 结果表明, 与厄米特-高斯横模相比, 拉盖尔-高斯横模的腔场与原子的最大耦合系数几乎不随阶数的增加而变化, 使得探测光谱的对比度受模式阶数的影响较小. 在拉盖尔-高斯横模场分布的圆环边缘附近, 原子运动轨迹的微小偏移会引起透射光谱的很大变化, 因此在这些位置可以实现原子运动轨迹的高精度探测.     

取向比对椭球气溶胶粒子散射特性的影响

利用T矩阵和离散坐标法研究了取向比对椭球粒子散射特性的影响, 计算了小尺度范围内椭球粒子的散射特征参量, 包括消光效率因子、不对称因子、单次散射反照率、散射相矩阵及双向反射函数(BRDF). 结果表明, 椭球粒子的散射特性与取向比密切相关, 粒子取向比会影响散射参量的振荡频率和振幅, 与球形粒子散射参量的相对差异也呈周期振荡趋势. 研究还发现, 某些特殊粒子尺寸的散射参量与粒子取向比基本无关. 在多次散射条件下, 分析不同取向比粒子群的BRDF随反射角和光学厚度的变化特性. 结果显示: 不同取向比粒子群的BRDF随反射角的变化趋势基本一致, 球形粒子群比非球形粒子群的BRDF曲线波动振幅更大; 球形-非球形粒子的BRDF相对差异随光学厚度和取向比的增大而减小, 随入射角的增大而增大.     

基于碳纳米管分子封装的一维电子波函数扫描

利用第一性原理,设计并研究了一类基于单臂碳纳米管的分子封装的分子体系．计算表明,半环葫芦脲类化合物可有效封装碳纳米管,引入微弱的分子间相互作用,对碳纳米管的电子态能级结构分布 仅带来微弱影响．半环葫芦脲分子与碳纳米管在管径方向的一维电子态波函数充分耦合,进而有效改变了一些前沿分子轨道的波函数在管径两头的分布以及相应的电子布居浓度．基于电子输运的模拟,发现半环葫芦脲分子在碳纳米管一维方向滑动时的某个电压下的电导变化可准确反映电子态波函数在相应分子导电通道上的一维分布信息．     

单色光束的衍射度

受近期Gawhary和Severini在Opt.Lett.33,1360(2008)一文中引入的光束近轴度的启发,定义了一个独立于光束近轴度的衍射度参数来描述单色光束的衍射扩散程度,所定义的衍射度只依赖于光束的角谱分布,并可以定量比较不同光束的衍射扩散程度.