Effect of Conversion Process([I]-P→ΛΛ) in[I]--Hypernuclei

Effect of conversion process ([I]-P→ΛΛ) on[I]--hypernucleus is studied for [I]12-Be. It is found that theconversion process has a certain extent effect on properties of low-lying states of the[I]--hypernuclei.     

夹持方式和加工误差对大口径薄型KDP晶体附加面形的影响

惯性约束聚变频率转换系统中,大口径薄型KDP晶体的面形质量是影响频率转换效率能否达到设计要求的关键因素之一。针对45放置状态下口径为400 mm400 mm的三倍频KDP晶体,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了不同夹持方式和具有不同加工误差的KDP晶体模型和夹具模型,分析了加工误差对不同夹持方式下KDP晶体附加面形的影响,给出了不同加工误差和不同夹持情况下,KDP晶体附加面形的P-V值和RMS值。研究结果表明,夹持方式和加工误差是引起KDP晶体附加面形变化的重要因素,正面压条夹持方式即使在晶体和夹具存在加工误差时也可以较好地控制晶体的附加面形。     

Effects of acid and alkaline based surface preparations on spray deposited cerium based conversion coatings on Al 2024-T3

Cerium based conversion coatings were spray deposited on Al 2024-T3 and characterized to determine the effect of surface preparation on the deposition rate and surface morphology. It was found that activation of the panel using a 1-wt.% sulfuric acid solution increased the coating deposition rate compared to alkaline cleaning alone. Analysis of the surface morphology of the coatings showed that the coatings deposited on the acid treated panels exhibited fewer visible cracks compared to coatings on alkaline cleaned panels. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling showed that the acid activation decreased the thickness of the aluminum oxide layer and the concentration of magnesium on the surface of the panels compared to the alkaline treatment. Additionally, acid activation increased the copper concentration at the surface of the aluminum substrate. Based on the results, the acid based surface treatment appeared to expose copper rich intermetallics, thus increasing the number of cathodic sites on the surface, which led to an overall increase in the deposition rate.     

新一代太阳电池概述

文章对新一代太阳电池的基本概念、研究现状和研究目标进行了详细的介绍.从“充分吸收光能,减少能量转换损失”的角度,分析了新一代太阳电池的结构设计特征.以纳米技术与叠层电池结构为基础,就高能光子的利用,介绍了宽带隙吸收层窗口电池、量子点热载流子电池和多重激子激发（MEG）的量子点电池;为解决低能光子损失,介绍了窄带隙光伏材料和中间带光伏器件包括量子点中间带和高失配构建的中间带电池;探讨了利用光-光转换的模式,对上转换和下转换的电池体系以及可能的极限效率进行了阐述.     

Germanium‐Based Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Batteries

Germanium‐based nanomaterials have emerged as important candidates for next‐generation energy‐storage devices owing to their unique chemical and physical properties. In this Review, we provide a review of the current state‐of‐the‐art in germanium‐based materials design, synthesis, processing, and application in battery technology. The most recent advances in the area of Ge‐based nanocomposite electrode materials and electrolytes for solid‐state batteries are summarized. The limitations of Ge‐based materials for energy‐storage applications are discussed, and potential research directions are also presented with an emphasis on commercial products and theoretical investigations.     

价电子平均能级连接性指数及其应用

定义价电子平均能级（δi）为：δi=(ni-1)(ni+ΣEij)0.5/(1+mi)。由δi建构分子连接性指数（mQ）,其中,0Q=Σ(δi)-0.5、1Q=Σ(δiδj)-0.5。0Q与无机物总键能ΔE、0Q2与过渡元素卤化物的ΔfHmθ、1Q0.5与碱金属卤化物晶格能U、0Q及1Q与无机氢化物pKa的相关系数分别为0.9734、0.9769、0.9906、0.9945,均优于文献方法。mQ是一种结构选择性、性质相关性俱佳的拓扑指数。     

Functionalized Alkynylplatinum(II) Polypyridyl Complexes for Use as Sensitizers in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A series of platinum(II) alkynyl‐based sensitizers has been synthesized and found to show light‐to‐electricity conversion properties. These dyes were developed as sensitizers for the application in nanocrystalline TiO₂ dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied. The excited‐state property was probed using nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, which showed the formation of a charge‐separated state that arises from the intramolecular photoinduced charge transfer from the platinum(II) alkynylbithienylbenzothiadiazole moiety (donor) to the polypyridyl ligand (acceptor). A lifetime of 3.4 μs was observed for the charge‐separated state. A dye‐sensitized solar cell based on one of the complexes showed a short‐circuit photocurrent of 7.12 mA cm^?2, an open circuit voltage of 780 mV, and a fill factor of 0.65, thus giving an overall power conversion efficiency of 3.6 %.     

Disentangling Reaction Processes of Zeolites within Single‐Oriented Channels

Establishing structure–reactivity relationships for specific channel orientations of zeolites is vital to developing new, superior materials for various applications, including oil and gas conversion processes. Herein, a well‐defined model system was developed to build structure–reactivity relationships for specific zeolite‐channel orientations during various catalytic reaction processes, for example, the methanol‐ and ethanol‐to‐hydrocarbons (MTH and ETH) process as well as oligomerization reactions. The entrapped and effluent hydrocarbons from single‐oriented zeolite ZSM‐5 channels during the MTH process were monitored by using operando UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and on‐line mass spectrometry (MS), respectively. The results reveal that the straight channels favor the formation of internal coke, promoting the aromatic cycle. Furthermore, the sinusoidal channels produce aromatics, (e.g., toluene) that further grow into larger polyaromatics (e.g., graphitic coke) leading to deactivation of the zeolites. This underscores the importance of careful engineering of materials to suppress coke formation and tune product distribution by rational control of the location of zeolite acid sites and crystallographic orientations.     

Modulating the Acidic and Basic Site Concentration of Metal-Organic Framework Derivatives to Promote the Carbon Dioxide Epoxidation Reaction

Metal-organic framework (MOF) is an ideal precursor/template for porous carbon, and its active components are uniformly doped, which can be used in energy storage and catalytic conversion fields. Metal-organic framework PCN-224 with carboxylporphyrin as the ligand was synthesized, and then Zn²⁺ and Co²⁺ ions were coordinated in the center of the porphyrin ring by post-modification. Here, PCN-224−ZnCo with different ratios of bimetallic Zn²⁺/Co²⁺ ions were used as the precursor, and the metal-nitrogen-carbon(M−N−C) material of PCN-224−ZnCo-950 was obtained by pyrolyzing the precursor at 950 °C in Ar. Because Zn is easy to volatilize at 950 °C, the formed M−N−C materials can reflect different Co contents and different basic site concentrations. The formed material still maintains the original basic framework. With the increase of Zn²⁺/Co²⁺ ratio in precursor, the concentration of N-containing alkaline sites in pyrolysis products gradually increase. Compared with the precursor, PCN-224−ZnCo₁-950 with Zn²⁺/Co²⁺=1 : 1 has greatly improved basicity and suitable acidic/ alkaline site concentration. It can be efficiently used to carbon dioxide absorption and catalyze the cycloaddition of CO₂ with epoxide. More importantly, the current method of adjusting the acidic/basic sites in M−N−C materials through volatilization of volatile metals can provide an effective strategy for adjusting the catalysis of MOF derivatives with porphyrin structure.     

Difference in Conversions Between Dimethyl Sulfide and Methanethiol in a Cold Plasma Environment

This study compared the conversion of two malodorous substances, dimethyl sulfide (CH₃SCH₃, DMS) and methanethiol (CH₃SH) in a cold plasma reactor. The DMS and CH₃SH were successfully destroyed at room temperature. DMS decomposed less than CH₃SH at the same conditions. In oxygen-free condition, CS₂ and hydrocarbons were the major products, while SO₂ and CO_x were main compounds in oxygen-rich environments. The DMS/Ar plasma yielded more hydrocarbons and less CS₂ than that of CH₃SH/Ar plasma. In the CH₃SH/O₂/Ar plasma, rapid formation of SO and CO resulted in the yields much more amounts of SO₂ and CO₂ than those in the DMS/O₂/Ar plasma; and remained only a trace of total hydrocarbons, CH₂O, CH₃OH, CS₂, and OCS. The major differences between the reaction mechanisms of DMS and CH₃SH were also proposed and discussed.