全文获取类型
收费全文 | 30028篇 |
免费 | 6528篇 |
国内免费 | 1855篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3249篇 |
晶体学 | 241篇 |
力学 | 1060篇 |
综合类 | 142篇 |
数学 | 1305篇 |
物理学 | 15495篇 |
无线电 | 16919篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 69篇 |
2023年 | 198篇 |
2022年 | 381篇 |
2021年 | 566篇 |
2020年 | 620篇 |
2019年 | 448篇 |
2018年 | 494篇 |
2017年 | 835篇 |
2016年 | 970篇 |
2015年 | 1070篇 |
2014年 | 1639篇 |
2013年 | 1623篇 |
2012年 | 2052篇 |
2011年 | 2209篇 |
2010年 | 1503篇 |
2009年 | 1618篇 |
2008年 | 2134篇 |
2007年 | 2329篇 |
2006年 | 2081篇 |
2005年 | 1821篇 |
2004年 | 1784篇 |
2003年 | 1501篇 |
2002年 | 1417篇 |
2001年 | 1229篇 |
2000年 | 1173篇 |
1999年 | 1067篇 |
1998年 | 861篇 |
1997年 | 779篇 |
1996年 | 728篇 |
1995年 | 608篇 |
1994年 | 564篇 |
1993年 | 460篇 |
1992年 | 416篇 |
1991年 | 354篇 |
1990年 | 230篇 |
1989年 | 124篇 |
1988年 | 95篇 |
1987年 | 79篇 |
1986年 | 44篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 46篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new and original model for theoretical calculation and experimental measurement of the noise power spectral density (NPSD) in phase-modulated optical links. The phase modulation is operated in the RF frequency range by an external phase modulator. The NPSD is derived for the first time in interferometric systems, by considering all effects such as the 1/f FM noise of the laser and white noise applied to light from a 1550 nm DFB laser, with phase modulation. The results show for the first time the influence of the phase modulation index, modulation frequency and interferometric delay in the phase-to-intensity noise conversion. The experimental and simulation results of conversion of FM-noise to intensity noise in an optical link by considering the external RF phase modulation are shown with good agreement. 相似文献
72.
73.
考虑电子的反冲并利用康普顿散射,研究了激光同步辐射光源(LSS)辐射的光子波长、光子能量。结果表明,对于不同的γ,LSS辐射的光子波长和能量有不同的近似公式。当γ<<λ1/4λe时,LSS辐射的光子波长λ2≈λ1/4γ2,能量(εc2≈4γ2εc1;当γ>>λ1/4λe时,LSS辐射的光子波长λ2≈λe/γ,能量cε2≈m0γc2;结果表明,LSS辐射的条件是种子激光的波长λ1大于电子的物质波波长λm;LSS辐射的极值波长是λ2m ax=h/m0γv,极值能量是cε2m ax=βeε;本文后半部分提出了利用北京正负电子对撞机的强流高亮度电子束与激光的康普顿背散射产生单色γ射线的建议。 相似文献
74.
对红外热像仪参数双黑体测量装置的工作原理进行了介绍。装置采用双黑体及反射型靶标为温差辐射源,可实现黑体温度温差准直辐射的定期校准和红外热像仪参数测量量值的溯源,也可实现红外热像仪参数的可控性,以及对它进行稳定的、可复现的精确测量。推导出利用红外热像仪参数双黑体测量装置测量信号传递函数SiTF数学模型,分析了红外热像仪参数测量装置的客观因素——仪器常数,针对仪器常数对SiTF测量的影响进行了试验。试验结果表明,仪器常数对红外热像仪SiTF参数测量精度影响较大,并同时影响时域与空域NETD及3D噪声的准确测量。 相似文献
75.
A design of diode-pumped high-efficiency Nd:YVO4/LBO red laser is reported. Using critical phase-matching (CPM) LBO, 671 nm red laser was obtained from 1342 nm light by intracavity frequency doubling. With an incident pump laser of 800 mW, using type-I and type-II CPM LBO, 97 and 52 mWTEM00 mode red laser outputs were obtained, with optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies of up to 12.1% and 6.5%, respectively. 相似文献
76.
基于局部多项式逼近的变参数梯度估计算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分析了梯度辨识算法跟踪时变系统的缺点,提出了一种新的基于局部多项式逼近的变参数梯度估计算法。本算法具有良好跟踪性能特别适用于时变系统跟踪且其对噪声的敏感程度与一般梯度估计方法相当。仿真结果验证了其良好性能。 相似文献
77.
Evolutionary algorithms are applied as problem-independent optimization algorithms. They are quite efficient in many situations. However, it is difficult to analyze even the behavior of simple variants of evolutionary algorithms like the (1+1) EA on rather simple functions. Nevertheless, only the analysis of the expected run time and the success probability within a given number of steps can guide the choice of the free parameters of the algorithms. Here static (1+1) EAs with a fixed mutation probability are compared with dynamic (1+1) EAs with a simple schedule for the variation of the mutation probability. The dynamic variant is first analyzed for functions typically chosen as example-functions for evolutionary algorithms. Afterwards, it is shown that it can be essential to choose the suitable variant of the (1+1) EA. More precisely, functions are presented where each static (1+1) EA has exponential expected run time while the dynamic variant has polynomial expected run time. For other functions it is shown that the dynamic (1+1) EA has exponential expected run time while a static (1+1) EA with a good choice of the mutation probability has polynomial run time with overwhelming probability. 相似文献
78.
79.
The influence of pulse duration on the stress levels in ablation of ceramics: A finite element study
A. Vila Verde 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(13):4511-4515
We present a finite element model to investigate the dynamic thermal and mechanical response of ceramic materials to pulsed infrared radiation. The model was applied to the specific problem of determining the influence of the pulse duration on the stress levels reached in human dental enamel irradiated by a CO2 laser at 10.6 μm with pulse durations between 0.1 and 100 μs and sub-ablative fluence. Our results indicate that short pulses with durations much larger than the characteristic acoustic relaxation time of the material can still cause high stress transients at the irradiated site, and indicate that pulse durations of the order of 10 μs may be more adequate both for enamel surface modification and for ablation than pulse durations up to 1 μs. The model presented here can easily be modified to investigate the dynamic response of ceramic materials to mid-infrared radiation and help determine optimal pulse durations for specific procedures. 相似文献
80.
Spectral and temporal characteristics of metallic nanoparticles produced by femtosecond laser pulses
We study the time of flight optical emission from titanium and tungsten nanosized particles, generated through femtosecond laser-matter interaction in vacuum, in the wavelength spectral range from 300 to 900 nm. Typical spectra consist of broadband structureless signals similar to black body emission from a macroscopic object. Nanoparticles temperature, deduced from their emission spectra, decreases drastically as a function of their time of arrival at a given distance from the target. This behaviour is seen to be independent of individual particle velocities. 相似文献