Universal abelian covers of superisolated singularities

We give explicit examples of Gorenstein surface singularities with integral homology sphere link, which are not complete intersections. Their existence was shown by Luengo–Velasco, Melle–Hernández and Némethi, thereby providing counterexamples to the universal abelian covering conjecture of Neumann and Wahl (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Fuzzy minimum weight edge covering problem

Minimum weight edge covering problem, known as a classic problem in graph theory, is employed in many scientific and engineering applications. In the applications, the weight may denote cost, time, or opponent’s payoff, which can be vague in practice. This paper considers the edge covering problem under fuzzy environment, and formulates three models which are expected minimum weight edge cover model, α-minimum weight edge cover model, and the most minimum weight edge cover model. As an extension for the models, we respectively introduce the crisp equivalent of each model in the case that the weights are independent trapezoidal fuzzy variables. Due to the complexity of the problem, a hybrid intelligent algorithm is employed to solve the models, which can deal with the problem with any type of fuzzy weights. At last, some numerical experiments are given to show the application of the models and the robustness of the algorithm.     

Crown reductions for the Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover problem

The paper studies crown reductions for the Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover problem introduced recently in the unweighted case by Fellows et al. [Blow-Ups, Win/Win's and crown rules: some new directions in FPT, in: Proceedings of the 29th International Workshop on Graph Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science (WG’03), Lecture notes in computer science, vol. 2880, 2003, pp. 1-12, Kernelization algorithms for the vertex cover problem: theory and experiments, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), New Orleans, Louisiana, January 2004, pp. 62-69]. We describe in detail a close relation of crown reductions to Nemhauser and Trotter reductions that are based on the linear programming relaxation of the problem. We introduce and study the so-called strong crown reductions, suitable for finding (or counting) all minimum vertex covers, or finding a minimum vertex cover under some additional constraints. It is described how crown decompositions and strong crown decompositions suitable for such problems can be computed in polynomial time. For weighted König-Egerváry graphs (G,w) we observe that the set of vertices belonging to all minimum vertex covers, and the set of vertices belonging to no minimum vertex covers, can be efficiently computed.Further, for some specific classes of graphs, simple algorithms for the MIN-VC problem with a constant approximation factor r<2 are provided. On the other hand, we conclude that for the regular graphs, or for the Hamiltonian connected graphs, the problem is as hard to approximate as for general graphs.It is demonstrated how the results about strong crown reductions can be used to achieve a linear size problem kernel for some related vertex cover problems.     

罗尔中值定理的一些新证法(英文)

给出了罗尔微分中值定理的三种新的证明方法,其中第二种很简便的方法仅依赖于大家熟知的Heine-Borel有限覆盖定理.由此可见罗尔微分中值定理可以是实数的完备性的直接推论.     

Impact of M1A1 main battle tank disturbance on soil quality, invertebrates, and vegetation characteristics

Military training commonly results in land degradation, but protocols for assessing and predicting long-term environmental impact are lacking. An ability to assess the impact of repeated disturbance and subsequent recovery is needed to balance training requirements against environmental quality. To develop methodology for assessing soil quality, a study evaluating disturbance resulting from tank maneuvers was initiated on Fort Riley Military Installation, Kansas. The objectives were to identify and quantify soil-quality indicators on two soil types exposed to controlled tank traffic. We examined physical, chemical, and biotic indicators after treatments were applied during wet and dry soil conditions. A randomized complete-block design, with three blocks per soil type and three treatments per block, was used. Treatments consisted of disturbance created by a 63-ton M1A1 tank making five passes in a figure-8 pattern during either dry or wet soil conditions. The M1A1 was operated at a speed of approximately 8 km/h. Control plots received no tank traffic. Soil-quality indicators evaluated were soil compaction, soil penetration resistance, rut depth, soil bulk density, soil texture, soil chemical composition, plant biomass, soil microbial diversity, and nematode and earthworm taxa. Soil-quality indicators were sampled within one week after tank disturbance. Preliminary data indicate soil-texture-dependent treatment effects (p  0.05) for bulk density and porosity. Bulk density increased and porosity decreased on trafficked areas, in the silt loam soil, but showed no change in the silty clay loam soil. Disturbance during wet soil conditions raised penetrometer resistance and gravimetric water content more than disturbance during dry soil conditions (p  0.05). A significant difference in disturbance was measured between the outside and inside portion of the same track (p  0.01 and 0.001, respectively). The outside track caused the greatest amount of disturbance, as measured by the height of the disturbed soil ridge above the track bed. Tank disturbance significantly reduced total vegetative biomass (p  0.05) compared with that of un-trafficked areas. Disturbance under wet soil conditions significantly reduced grass biomass (p = 0.040), whereas disturbance under dry soil conditions significantly reduced forb biomass (p = 0.0247) compared to un-trafficked areas. Total earthworm abundance (p = 0.011) was reduced by 82% when disturbance occurred during wet soil conditions regardless of soil type.     

第二次全国土地调查中的技术支持

第二次全国土地调查中,由于空间技术、数据库技术以及网络技术得广泛运用,使得调查工作得以高效高质量的进行。本文对二调中应用的“3S”技术以及网络技术的作用与优势做了一些介绍。     

Physics-based simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric temperature-humidity profiles and land surface temperature-emissivity by integrating Terra/Aqua MODIS measurements

Atmospheric temperature-humidity profiles and land or sea surface temperature are coupled actions in the earth system process. Based on the numerical perturbation form of the atmospheric radiative transfer equation, a physics-based algorithm is pre- sented to integrate four pairs of MODIS measurements from the Terra and Aqua satellites to retrieve simultaneously atmospheric temperature-humidity profile, land-surface temperature and emissivity. Three pairs of MODIS data at two field sites in China, Luancheng...     

条件非线性最优扰动方法在陆面过程模式参数优化中的扩展应用初探

本文旨在探讨条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP)方法在陆面过程模式的参数优化工作方面的扩展应用.使用通用陆面模式(CoLM)和CEOP地面基准站——吉林通榆站退化草地2006年生长季的资料,针对土壤颜色、砂土比例和叶面积指数等关键模式参数,使用感热通量、潜热通量和浅层土壤温湿度作为检测变量,设计了单参数和多参数优化试验.结果表明,CONP扩展方法得到的优化参数提高了CoLM对检测变量的模拟能力,并且多参数的优化结果明显优于单参数的优化结果,在模式模拟偏差较大的土壤湿度方面改进尤为显著,此外,使用了差异进化算法( 关键词： 条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP) 陆面过程模式 参数优化     

作物残茬覆盖度遥感监测研究进展

作物残茬作为农田生态系统的重要组成部分,影响着农田生态系统中的营养物质、碳、水和能量的流动与循环。作物残茬覆盖度作为描述作物残茬数量和分布的重要指标,对于农田生态系统C循环和全球气候变化均有实际意义,具备重要的定量监测价值。遥感技术具有准确、经济、快速大面积监测的能力,因此利用遥感监测区域尺度的作物残茬覆盖度,受到国内外学者的关注。工作回顾总结了目前利用遥感监测作物残茬覆盖度的主要方法和最新研究进展,并根据基本方法的差异以及数据源的不同,从五个类别分别介绍了遥感监测原理与技术革新,对每一类方法的优点和缺陷进行分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。最后对作物残茬覆盖度遥感监测方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

单形和3维立方体乘积上小覆盖的等变协边类的个数

本文研究了小覆盖的等变协边分类. 利用示性函数和Stong同态确定了单形和3维立方体乘积上小覆盖的等变协边类的个数, 推广了现有文献中的相关结果.