光栅衍射实验中测量光栅常数的两种辅助方法

衍射光栅可以将不同波长的光在空间上分离开,在光谱分析领域中有广泛应用.利用光栅的衍射来测量光栅常数是大学物理实验中的一个典型实验,而本文介绍的正是光栅衍射实验中的两个有趣现象:一是旋转光栅时,谱线的偏转角存在一个最小值;二是光栅旋转到一定角度时,衍射光斑会逐渐消失在视野中.论文从理论上分析解释这两种现象,并设计出两种测量光栅常数的方法,在实验上进行验证.与传统的用最小偏转角测光栅常数的方法相比,本文重点分析了由判定最小偏转角位置偏差所带来的影响,并提出了对称旋转测量的方法来进一步减小误差.     

软体操作器结构设计及植入式光纤传感方法

为解决微创手术软体机器人的形状实时监测问题,将刻有三个光纤布拉格光栅的单根光纤植入软体操作器中,利用其研究柔性硅胶软体操作器光纤传感和三维形状重构方法。进行了软体操作器的结构设计及模型建立,并对光纤光栅波长漂移量和软体操作器弯曲曲率之间的关系进行了理论分析;通过实验验证了软体操作器结构设计及其模型建立的有效性,测试了软体操作器不同弯曲状态下三个FBG传感器的反射谱特征及其变化规律;通过分析三个FBG传感器的中心波长漂移量,利用线性插值算法计算出软体操作器在不同弯曲状态下的曲率等参数,并结合曲线拟合方法实现软体操作器的三维形状重构。实验结果表明:植入式光纤光栅传感方法可以实现硅胶软体手术操作器的三维形状传感,在微创外科手术领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Apodization‐Assisted Subdiffraction Near‐Field Localization in 2D Phase Diffraction Grating

Conventional phase diffraction gratings can be used to localize the incoming optical radiation in the near‐field region. A new design of the binary phase diffraction grating is proposed with embedded pupil opaque mask inside each stripe. By means of numerical simulations, it is shown that with this masked phase grating the spatial resolution of the near‐field localization can be substantially improved and brought even beyond the solid immersion limit (λ/2n). Moreover, due to anomalous apodization effect, the subdiffraction field localization is accompanied by intensity enhancement as compared to the non‐masked design. The pupil mask rearranges the optical fluxes within the stripes and promotes the Fano resonances excitation in the periodic step lattice. This can be important for advancing the phase grating‐based super‐resolution technologies, including subdiffraction imaging, interferometry, and surface fabrication.     

Efficiency of Light Outcoupling Structures in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: 2D TiO2 Array as a Model System

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are widely used in research and are established in the industry. The building block nature of organic compounds enables a vast variety of materials. On top of that, there exist many strategies to improve the light outcoupling of OLEDs making a direct comparison of outcoupling technologies difficult. Here, a novel approach is introduced for the evaluation of light outcoupling structures. The new defined “efficiency of light outcoupling structures” (ELOS) clearly determines the effectiveness of the light outcoupling structure by weighting the experimental efficiency enhancement over the theoretical outcoupling gain. It neither depends on cavity design nor on the chosen organic material. The methodology is illustrated for red phosphorescent OLEDs comprising internal and external light outcoupling structures. Assumptions and further uses are discussed with respect to experimental and theoretical handling. In addition, the ELOS is calculated for various outcoupling techniques from literature to demonstrate the universality. Finally, most suitable reference OLEDs are discussed for application of light outcoupling structures. The presented approach enables new possibilities for studying light outcoupling structures and improves their comparability in a highly material‐driven research field.     

Broadband photonic structures for quantum light sources

Quantum light sources serve as one of the key elements in quantum photonic technologies. Such sources made from semiconductor material, e.g., quantum dots (QDs), are particularly appealing because of their great potential of scalability enabled by the modern planar nanofabrication technologies. So far, non-classic light sources based on semiconductor QDs are currently outperforming their counterparts using nonlinear optical process, for instance, parametric down conversion and four-wave mixing. To fully exploring the potential of semiconductor QDs, it is highly desirable to integrate QDs with a variety of photonic nanostructures for better device performance due to the improved light-matter interaction. Among different designs, the photonic nanostructures exhibiting broad operation spectral range is particularly interesting to overcome the QD spectral inhomogeneity and exciton fine structure splitting for the generations of single-photon and entangled photon pair respectively. In this review, we focus on recent progress on high-performance semiconductor quantum light sources that is achieved by integrating single QDs with a variety of broadband photonic nanostructures i.e. waveguide, lens and low-Q cavity.     

高强度光纤光栅与碳纤维的复合及应变传感特性研究

针对光纤光栅工程化应用性能不佳的问题,提出将高强度光纤光栅与碳纤维材料复合,介绍了复合样品的结构形式,分析了应变传递过程,然后对其应变传感特性和疲劳性能进行了实验研究。结果表明:复合样品能够达到较高的应变传递效率,具有良好的应变传感特性;疲劳实验中复合样品保持正常工作,波长变化曲线的幅度稳定;疲劳实验前后复合样品的应变传感特性基本不变,应变灵敏度系数分别为1.12和1.17pm/με,应变响应曲线的线性度均高于0.999,重复性分别为0.623%和0.397%。     

基于双锥形光子晶体光纤的折射率传感器

设计了一种基于光子晶体光纤的双锥形马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,并对其折射率传感特性进行了研究。在FDTD Solutions光学仿真平台中建立了干涉仪结构模型,研究了该结构的透射光谱对环境折射率的响应。仿真结果表明,透射光谱随环境折射率的增加发生红移,灵敏度为95.906nm/RIU。利用熔接与拉锥工艺制备了干涉仪样品,搭建了实验系统,在不同浓度甘油溶液中对其透射谱进行了检测,实验结果表明,折射率在1.3222~1.3538范围内,透射谱偏移灵敏度为121.95nm/RIU。该传感器具有体积小、重量轻、易于制备、灵敏度高等优点,适用于生化和物理传感领域。     

螺旋布设光纤光栅的软体操作器形状传感方法

为实现微创手术软体操作器弯曲伸缩运动时的形状测量,提出一种螺旋布设光纤光栅形状传感方法。不同于传统的直线形布设方法,螺旋形布设方法可以防止软体操作器弯曲伸缩运动时,光纤光栅的折断、脱胶现象发生。理论分析了螺旋布设光纤光栅的传感原理及弯曲变形的重构算法;制备了光纤光栅沿螺旋形布设在软体操作器表面的试样;搭建了软体操作器弯曲变形的实验系统;实验分析了软体操作器在不同弯曲状态下,螺旋布设光纤光栅中心波长漂移量与弯曲角度间的变化规律,并重构出软体操作器的变形形状。实验结果表明:螺旋布设光纤光栅在软体操作器中不同位置的灵敏度最大为7.1pm/(°),软体操作器弯曲角度实际测量值与理论重构值间的最大误差不足4.29%。螺旋形光纤传感方法可用于软体操作器形状传感与重构。     

光纤布喇格光栅的低温传感特性研究

为了解决光纤光栅在低温环境中的应用问题,该文从光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)的传感理论出发,通过深入分析了FBG在-60~25 ℃时热光系数和热膨胀系数的变化。采用2根未封装的FBG进行实验验证,得到了FBG在低温环境下的响应情况。研究结果表明,FBG在低温环境下具有良好的响应和重复性,这对FBG在低温环境中的应用具有重要指导意义。     

基于光纤光栅传感网络的电梯健康状态监测系统

针对传统大型电梯钢架结构健康监测手段的传感器布线复杂、传感器退化快等问题,提出了一种基于光纤光栅式传感器构成的准分布式光纤传感网。首先阐明了光纤光栅应力、温度传感器的基本原理,采用“空分复用+波分复用”的方式构建电梯钢架结构的光纤光栅远程传感监测系统,设计应变和位移传感器阵列,并研究了光纤光栅应变计和位移计的解调算法。然后使用电梯钢架结构实物模型搭建相应的试验系统,安装光纤光栅应变计和位移计准分布式网络进行测试,并开发配套的电梯钢接结构运行健康状态监测软件,试验测试结果表明,系统能够实时响应,稳定性良好。该系统为室外大型竖行和斜行电梯的安全运行提供了实时监测数据和安全预警功能,可为其“按需维保”提供大数据支撑。