Poynting flux impulses and the ionospheric switching of geomagnetic substorms

Observations were made of impulse events in Poynting flux calculated from electric and magnetic disturbances encountered by the Polar satellite when on high-latitude field-lines in the magnetotail. These were found to be coincident within±6 min with impulsive spikes in cosmic radio background absorption in the D region of the ionosphere as detected by the Imaging Riometer for Ionospheric Studies riometer in Finland. They were also coincident with substorm onset at the same geomagnetic latitude as determined by a change of gradient in International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects’ X-component magnetograms. The interpretation of the observations was that magnetospheric compression waves from the geomagnetic equator region of the magnetotail were coupling to progressively initiate field-guided Alfvén shear waves towards higher geomagnetic latitudes over a large volume of the magnetosphere. The study suggested that they were then able either directly or indirectly to ionise the D region of the ionosphere and in the process to cut deep electrically conducting channels between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere through which currents could flow and initiate the characteristic signature of geomagnetic substorms in ground magnetograms.     

Ionospheric vertical total electron content prediction model in low-latitude regions based on long short-term memory neural network

Ionosphere delay is one of the main sources of noise affecting global navigation satellite systems, operation of radio detection and ranging systems and very-long-baseline-interferometry. One of the most important and common methods to reduce this phase delay is to establish accurate nowcasting and forecasting ionospheric total electron content models. For forecasting models, compared to mid-to-high latitudes, at low latitudes, an active ionosphere leads to extreme differences between long-term prediction models and the actual state of the ionosphere. To solve the problem of low accuracy for long-term prediction models at low latitudes, this article provides a low-latitude, long-term ionospheric prediction model based on a multi-input-multi-output, long-short-term memory neural network. To verify the feasibility of the model, we first made predictions of the vertical total electron content data 24 and 48 hours in advance for each day of July 2020 and then compared both the predictions corresponding to a given day, for all days. Furthermore, in the model modification part, we selected historical data from June 2020 for the validation set, determined a large offset from the results that were predicted to be active, and used the ratio of the mean absolute error of the detected results to that of the predicted results as a correction coefficient to modify our multi-input-multi-output long short-term memory model. The average root mean square error of the 24-hour-advance predictions of our modified model was 4.4 TECU, which was lower and better than 5.1 TECU of the multi-input-multi-output, long short-term memory model and 5.9 TECU of the IRI-2016 model.     

电离层信道特征参数对短波通信质量影响的试验分析

基于新乡至青岛之间融短波通信和电离层斜向探测于一体的综合试验平台实录数据,提取了通信误码率及信道特征参数,统计分析了各信道参数对通信误码率的影响,并提出了一种基于经验模式的短波通信质量评估方法,该方法在DPSK编码形式下具有很高的实效性。     

电离层Faraday效应对远程预警雷达性能的影响

在对近地空间目标进行预警跟踪时,雷达发射的电磁波会在电离层中传播,电离层作为磁化等离子体,会导致电磁波产生Faraday旋转,从而对雷达探测性能造成影响。通过数值计算的方式,仿真了Faraday旋转效应导致的雷达极化失配损耗,并对仿真结果进行了分析。通过仿真结果可以看出:太阳活动高年,Faraday旋转角比太阳活动低年大;雷达工作频率越高,受Faraday旋转影响越小;目标仰角较低时,线极化失配损耗较小;椭圆极化方式下,极化失配损耗随椭圆轴比增大而增大;用圆极化方式可以最大程度地减小由Faraday旋转导致的雷达探测性能降低。     

基于信道特性分析的短波远距离地空通信

短波天波信道(时变信道)的衰落特性是影响远距离短波通信质量的主要因素,准确分析预测短波信道传输特性是通信成功的基础.结合工程试验分析了影响短波通信质量的诸多因素,选择最佳的通信信道,成功实现了远距离短波地空通信.分析预测-选择信道频率-静态测试-短波通信的方法,对短波通信系统远距离通信能力考核试验具有参考价值.     

Faraday效应对空间目标探测雷达的影响

分析了电离层Faraday旋转效应对空间目标探测雷达的影响。从磁离子理论出发,结合电离层模型和地球磁场模型,使用了一种快速的Faraday旋转角计算模型,并与传统使用的经验计算方法进行了比较,表明该方法普适性强,更适用于中国地区。针对当前国际上典型的空间目标探测雷达工作频段,选取我国海口（低纬地区）和长春（中纬地区）为代表,分别计算了太阳活动极大年和极小年间的Faraday旋转角,给出了仿真结果并进行分析,表明Faraday旋转效应给线极化方式雷达带来明显的回波能量损失。在进行雷达设计时,需要将该效应与雷达系统性能综合考虑,采用合适的天线极化方式。     

快速算法实现电离层短波射线追踪

在不考虑地磁场和碰撞的条件下,利用基于费尔马原理的射线微分方程,采用直线几何近似和变步长技术相结合的快速算法实现了电离层短波射线追踪,达到了保证精度的同时提高运算效率的目的。引入亚大模型和附加扰动影响的准抛物模型描述电离层电子浓度剖面,验证快速算法的准确性和高效性。仿真结果表明,快速算法能够适应各种复杂的电离层电子浓度剖面,在保证精度的同时更迅速地计算射线的传播轨迹。     

用IGS发布的TEC数据提高法拉第旋转校正精度

电磁波穿过电离层时引入的法拉第旋转是导致全极化微波辐射计观测亮温产生交叉极化的重要原因.分析得知IRI（international reference ionosphere）模型产生的TEC（total electron content）数据在部分低纬地区无法满足全极化辐射计对法拉第旋转的校正精度要求.为提高校正精度,分析了沿观测路径积分法和应用IGS（International GPS Service）发布的TEC数据校正两种方法对校正精度的影响.结果表明,沿观测路径积分法不能有效改善校正精度,而应用IGS数据校正可大幅提高低纬地区法拉第旋转校正精度,满足全极化微波辐射计对极化旋转角的校正精度要求.     

无线电掩星技术及其应用

详细介绍无线电掩星技术作为20世纪90年代中期局长起来的星载地球大气遥感高新技术的国际发展态势，给出其应用于探测从地面至800km高空大气和电离层参量的科学原理和方法，有关的掩星仿真，观测及其与其他观测技术对比的结果，讨论了掩星技术的应用及其正在改善和发展的几个主要方面。