膦、胂叶立德的化学与应用——Ⅰ.用红外光谱对膦、胂叶立德结构的研究

以78个带吸电子取代基的膦、胂叶立德的红外光谱的解析为根据,讨论了它们的结构及其与光谱的关系。     

蒙旦树脂化学组成的研究

采用阴离子交换色谱和硅胶－氧化铝柱色谱对云南寻甸蒙旦树脂（ＸＤＳＺ）、潦浒蒙旦树脂（ＬＨＳＺ）、昭通蒙旦树脂（ＺＴＳＺ）和吉林舒兰蒙旦树脂（ＳＬＳＺ）进行了族组分的分离。树脂游离酸，树脂结合酸，树脂烃和树脂醇在各树脂中的百分含量分别为ＸＤＳＺ１１．８６，８．７６，１２．３０，４５．９９；ＬＨＳＺ１５．８９，１３．９１，４．９０，４５．９９；ＳＬＳＺ２５．４６，８．０７，１７．４０，３６．２２；ＺＴ     

Carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

Summary The coupling of carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (SFC-FTIR) is a powerful tool for the separation and on-line identification of non-volatile compounds. The IR transparency of carbon dioxide in the Fermi resonance bands region versus its density has been studied. Functional groups with stretching vibrations outside the transparent window of carbon dioxide are examined. SFC-FTIR separations allow Gram-Schmidt reconstruction chromatograms or IR window chemigrams with high quality spectra to be obtained. This SFC-FTIR lightpipe (flow cell, beam condensing optics, narrow band detector) has allowed detection limits of 250ng for benzonitrile and 70ng for methyl benzoate to be reached. The feasibility of very rapid SFC-FTIR separations is shown along with the subsequent peak spectra.     

Physical grounds of high-sensitive room temperature detection of infrared radiation involving spherical excitons at impurities in crystals

The possibility of the IR-radiation detecting in crystals of direct-gap semiconductors, caused by effects of IR-quenching of probe visible-range radiation within the region of a crystal relative transparency, is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The comparison of some mechanisms investigated allows to conclude that the most probable explanation of the IR-quenching effect, experimentally observed in the CdS crystal, is the mechanism of probe radiation absorption with photon energy deficit with respect to exciton resonance, which is eliminated due to exchange interaction of a free exciton in the intermediate state with spherical excitons localized on manyelectron atoms of impurity.     

Direct analysis of thin-layer chromatographic spots of narcotics by means of diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The technique of diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (DRIFT) as an in situ detection method was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs (heroin, cocaine and codeine) separated by thin layer chromatography.It was found that at a given interferometer throughput and detector sensitivity the quality of the spectrum depends strongly in the type of the chromatographic thin layer used. A detection limit of approx. 2 g was attained on a microcrystalline cellulose thin layer with a dynamically aligned Bio-Rad Digilab FTS 60A/896 type interferometer and room temperature DTGS detector. A reliable qualitative analysis can be made with as little as 10 to 15 g drug per spot.     

Excitonic detectors of infrared and submillimeter radiation

The theory of new type detectors based on the quenching of secondary emission in direct-gap semiconductors (lines of Raman light scattering due to interaction between free and bound excitons in the crystal, and also bands of edge radiation) caused by IR or submillimeter radiation is proposed. The results obtained are confirmed by the experiment performed for CdS crystal excited by ultraviolet radiation of mercury lamp, at liquid helium temperature.     

基于测地线距离和正交投影的端元提取算法

端元提取是高光谱遥感图像混合像元分解的关键步骤。传统线性端元提取方法忽略了像元内地物的非线性混合因素,制约了混合像元分解精度的提升。针对高光谱图像数据的非线性结构,提出一种基于测地线距离的正交投影端元提取算法,将测地线距离引入端元单体提取过程,利用正交投影方法逐个提取端元。为了降低测地线距离计算量,在端元提取前先利用自动目标生成方法和无约束最小二乘法对原始高光谱数据进行数据约减。模拟和真实高光谱图像实验表明,该方法能够表征光谱数据中非线性因素,端元提取结果优于传统自动目标生成端元提取方法。     

基于改进随机漫步者非凸秩逼近最小化的复杂背景下红外点目标检测方法研究

红外点目标检测是红外制导系统的关键技术之一,是军事应用领域的研究热点。一方面,点目标在大气传输和散射过程中由于观测距离长,常常淹没在背景杂波和大噪声中,信噪比低。另一方面,图像中的目标以模糊点的形式出现,使得目标没有明显的特征和纹理信息。由于不同红外图像中的点目标具有不同的外观、形状和姿态,加之噪声杂波的干扰遮挡,经过单帧检测后,除了真实目标外,图像中可能有虚假目标和一些强噪声。因此,由于这几个因素,红外点目标检测变得非常困难。为了解决这一问题,作者研究了红外点目标检测的相关方法,提出了非凸秩逼近最小化方法（NRAM）与改进的随机漫步者方法（MRW）相结合的方法（NRAM-MRW）,在复杂的红外背景下,针对红外点目标的检测中有着较好的检测效果。     

基于sMLD特征的远红外航空图像配准算法

航空场景下的远红外图像迫切需要准确、鲁棒、快速的特征描述与自动配准方法。由于已有的多重线型描述符MLD特征存在“特征孤岛”和“尺度变换受限”的问题,因此针对远红外航空图像的配准问题,文章提出了一种聚合特征点以及线型描述符分段统计的特征描述方式,即sMLD特征。结合sMLD特征相互连接构成网状拓扑结构的特性,还提出了一种由粗到细的分支加速匹配算法RF-BA。其中,RF-BA粗匹配充分利用拓扑图的结构,通过局部寻优算法提高匹配的效率。RF-BA精匹配利用最小外接凸四边形原则和GMS校验原则,提升配准精度。实验结果表明,与已有的几种代表性配准方法相比,所提方法在配准精度和时间开销方面均具有更好的性能。     

基于直线运动机构的大变倍比红外变焦成像系统

针对同时兼顾大范围搜索和精确识别目标的迫切需求,研制了一种大变倍比红外变焦成像系统,设计两片独立运动的变倍镜及一片补偿镜,通过两个变倍镜级联的方式获得大变倍比。结合系统运动镜片多及变焦曲线复杂的特点,采用直线运动机构实现镜片变焦运动,使用集成编码器及螺纹丝杆的直线电机作为驱动。通过有限元仿真开展了系统力学分析,所设计镜片最大位移为3.04×10^-3 mm。成像系统适用于中波红外制冷式640×512焦平面阵列探测器,变倍比达到55倍。实验室成像及外场实景成像的结果表明,系统在焦距由6 mm至330 mm连续变化的过程中成像清晰、像质良好,验证了系统的连续变焦成像性能,该设计合理可靠。研究成果在搜索、跟踪、侦察、监视等方面有广阔的应用前景。