Novel filled polymer composites prepared from in situ polymerization via a colloidal approach: I. Kaolin/Nylon-6 in situ composites

A mineral-filled in situ composite was prepared by a colloidal approach by first suspending kaolin filler particles in aqueous caprolactam, and then polymerizing caprolactam in situ at high pressure and temperature. The purpose of this colloidal in situ polymerization is to improve particle dispersion and to enhance interaction of the filler to the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction studies of the in situ kaolin/Nylon-6 composites revealed that the x-ray peak corresponding to the α-crystal form of Nylon-6 diminished with increasing kaolin loading, while the γ-crystal structure became more pronounced. The degree of crystallinity of Nylon-6 remained fairly unchanged with the kaolin loading level in the in situ composites. Calorimetric and dynamic mechanical studies exhibited that the glass transition temperature of the resulting composite increased significantly with increase in kaolin concentration, suggesting strong filler-matrix interaction at the kaolin/Nylon-6 interface. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) results showed uniform filler dispersion in the in situ composites relative to the conventional melt-mixed composites. Modulus and tensile strength of these in situ composites were found to be distinctively higher than that of the conventional melt-mixed kaolin/Nylon-6 composites. However, as typical for composite materials, drawability and fracture toughness decreased with increasing kaolin loading. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

番荔枝属不同品种叶表面微形态的电镜观察

应用扫描电子显微镜对番荔枝属九个番荔枝品种的叶表面角质、蜡质、表皮毛、气孔等微形态进行了观察比较.结果显示：它们之间的叶表面表皮毛、角质、蜡质和气孔等微形态均有较大的差异.秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、无核番荔枝上下表面均具有单列丝状毛,气孔只分布于下表面;普通番荔枝、圆滑番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝叶表面均无表皮毛;秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、普通番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝上下表皮角质呈不规则的岛状突起,而圆滑番荔枝、无核番荔枝表面角质较平,角质膜形状不甚清晰;以上所述番荔枝叶表面都覆盖有密厚的针晶状蜡被;除圆滑番荔枝的气孔有副卫细胞外,其它气孔只有保卫细胞而无副卫细胞;刺番荔枝、山刺番荔枝、牛心番荔枝的叶表皮毛为短棍棒状,其表皮角质细胞呈乳突状或波状突起;山刺番荔枝的棒状毛顶端钝圆,而刺番荔枝与牛心番荔枝的棒状毛顶端尖锐;刺番荔枝和山刺番荔枝只有下表皮才具有棒状毛,其气孔形状近似圆形,孔口略内陷于表皮层,牛心番荔枝表面角质呈不规则波状突起,气孔细长稍突.由于这些不同的叶表面微形态是长期受各物种原产地的气候、环境条件影响所形成的,因此研究番荔枝品种的叶表面微形态结构,对正确引种和推广番荔枝果树种植有着重要的意义.     

二元光学在光学观测轰炸瞄准中的应用研究

光学观测瞄准是大中型轰炸机主要的对地攻击瞄准方式,其光学系统一般采用望远式光学系统,这就要求光学系统能满足可见光和近红外光两个光谱波段。根据国内大中型轰炸机光学观测瞄准系统的主要缺陷,结合光学观测瞄准的实际,探讨了基于二元光学的光学观测系统的组成结构和瞄准原理,分析了可见光波段混合目镜的光学性能、谐衍射物镜的衍射效率以及近红外光波段光学系统的像质,推导了横偏棱镜调平误差引起的瞄准误差的数学表达式,并对设计的合理性进行了验证。     

光刻机投影物镜的像差原位检测新技术

提出了一种新的光刻机投影物镜像差原位检测(AMF)技术。详细分析了该技术利用特殊测试标记检测投影物镜球差、像散、彗差的基本原理,论述了该技术利用对准位置坐标计算像差引起的成像位置偏移量的方法。实验结果表明AMF技术可实现球差、彗差、像散等像差参量的精确测量。AMF技术考虑了光刻胶等工艺因素对像差引起的成像位置偏移量的影响,有效避免了目前基于硅片曝光方式的彗差原位检测技术对离焦量、像面倾斜等像质参量限制的依赖。     

QUANTIFICATION OF SHEAR DAMAGE EVOLUTION IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY 2024T3

Shear damage may occur in the process of metal machining such as blanking and cutting, where localized shear deformation is developed. Experimental findings indicate that microscopic shear damage evolution in aluminium alloy 2024T3 (A1 2024T3) is a multi-stage mechanism, including particle cracking, micro-shear banding, matrix microcracking and coalescence of microcracks. This study is an attempt to use a set of equations to describe the multi-stage shear damage evolution in Al 2024T3. The shear damage variables in terms of multi-couple parameters of a power-law hardening material have been defined. An evolution curve of shearing damage has been calculated from experimental data. The values of the shear damage variable at different stages of damage have also been calculated. By making use of the findings, the relation between the microscopic shear damage evolution and the macroscopic shear response of the material has been discussed.     

原位聚合阴离子交换型固相萃取（SPE）微柱

原位聚合阴离子交换型固相萃取（SPE）微柱;原位聚合;SPE微柱;分离富集     

TiNi合金表面原位热氧化膜的结构与光电性能的研究

采用AFM、XRD和EDS等手段,对TiNi合金在空气中、400—800℃下形成的氧化膜组织结构进行了分析,并对TiNi合金表面原位热氧化膜的光电性能进行了研究.结果表明,TiNi合金在空气中氧化原位形成的氧化膜的结构主要为金红石型二氧化钛,不同温度下生长的氧化膜存在择优取向;随着氧化温度的升高,所制备的TiO2/TiNi电极的稳态光电流和开路光电压随氧化温度的升高先增大后减小,在700℃所制备的TiO2/TiNi电极的稳态光电流最大.     

氨基安替比林分子原位烙印柱的制备及其水中结合性质的研究

实验采用原位聚合法以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁扉(AIBN)为引发剂,正十二醇和甲苯为致孔剂直接在液相色谱柱中制备了氨基安替比林分子烙印柱．讨论了模板分子及其类似物在有机相和水相中的色谱行为及作用机理．实验表明,在水相中烙印柱具有很强的保留性能,氨基安替比林的保留因子可达到94．41．结果认为离子作用和疏水作用是使得氨基安替比林及类似物具有很强的保留性的重要原因,为研究模板聚合物的结合特性,采用前流分析法分别测定了氨基安替比林、氨基比林和安替比林在烙印柱上的吸附等温线．实验表明,分子烙印聚合物对烙印分子表现了较高的选择性,这和通过比较各物质在分子烙印柱和空白柱上保留因子所获得的结果一致．     

用于测量亚硝酸的长光程吸收光谱仪的研制

This article has been retracted at the request of the authors.     

氯化原位接枝过程与聚合物高性能化

氯化原位接枝过程是一种基于自由基反应的改性聚合物新方法,经该方法改性的聚合物性能显著改变,充分展现了弱影响、强响应的特征。本文简述了氯化原位接枝反应过程、机理,剖析了氯化原位接枝产物的结构特征,并对各类接枝共聚产物结构与性能关系进行了归纳和总结。详细介绍了各类接枝产物的不同用途,例如用于热塑性弹性体、木板粘合剂、增韧改性剂、成膜涂料等。最后对氯化原位接枝过程更广泛的应用及今后的发展趋势进行了展望。