光伏电站设计智能优化

由于目前光伏电站设计目前没有相应的标准,因此以个人经验为指导的情况,无法保证电站建设的成本最优,鉴于此问题,本文提出了一种光伏电站优化设计方法,基于模拟退火算法,通过对光伏区域中的组件进行最优分组来实现两级电缆成本的最优。并通过实际项目对该算法进行检验,达到比较理想效果。     

NiuPt1-uSivGe1-v/Si0.72Ge0.28界面形貌的改善

针对锗硅在形成金属锗硅化物时存在部分应力释放、界面形貌特性变差的问题,提出了在Si0.72Ge0.28上分别外延薄硅(Si)覆盖层和锗硅(Si072Ge0.28)缓冲层的工艺方案.实验结果表明,通过两步快速热退火,两个方案的工艺条件都能形成低阻的NiuPt1-uSitGe1-v和改善NivPt1-uSitGe./Si0.72Ge0.28的界面形貌.但相比较而言,在Si0.72Ge0.28上外延10 nm Si覆盖层的方案能够形成更好的NiuPt1-uSivGe1-t/Si0.72Ge0.28界面形貌.与没有改进的方案相比,该方案形成的肖特基接触更具有更低的肖特基接触势垒高度,更易形成欧姆接触.     

太阳能建筑物外观及表面光伏组件铺设优化

针对太阳能建筑物外观图的设计及外表面太阳能光伏组件铺设优化问题,首先通过建立以建筑物5个外表面全年总辐射量最大为目标的单目标规划模型,并考虑建筑物的设计要求,基于模拟退火法给出了建筑物的外观设计图,并根据电池性能的优劣顺序及限制条件,利用贪心算法得到建筑物外表电池铺设方案,最后给出了这种方案下的投资收回年限及寿命期内的经济效益。     

高速传输系统用低损耗单模光纤的研究

介绍了国际上低损耗单模光纤的研究进展,从理论上分析了低损耗单模光纤实现的技术途径。通过对石英玻璃物理特性的研究,探索出石英玻璃光纤的退火工艺,以降低光纤的内应力从而降低光纤的衰减。采用自主知识产权的专利技术制造的光纤在1 310、1 550和1 625nm波长的衰减典型值分别为0.320、0.182和0.195dB/km。该光纤的技术指标优于ITU-T国际标准和GB/T规定的光纤指标值。     

Widely Tunable Morphologies in Block Copolymer Thin Films Through Solvent Vapor Annealing Using Mixtures of Selective Solvents

Thin films of block copolymers are extremely attractive for nanofabrication because of their ability to form uniform and periodic nanoscale structures by microphase separation. One shortcoming of this approach is that to date the design of a desired equilibrium structure requires synthesis of a block copolymer de novo within the corresponding volume ratio of the blocks. In this work, solvent vapor annealing in supported thin films of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) [PHEMA‐b‐PMMA] by means of grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) is investigated. A spin‐coated thin film of a lamellar block copolymer is solvent vapor annealed to induce microphase separation and improve the long‐range order of the self‐assembled pattern. Annealing in a mixture of solvent vapors using a controlled volume ratio of solvents, which are chosen to be preferential for each block, enables selective formation of ordered lamellae, gyroid, hexagonal, or spherical morphologies from a single‐block copolymer with a fixed volume fraction. The selected microstructure is then kinetically trapped in the dry film by rapid drying. This paper describes what is thought to be the first reported case where in situ methods are used to study the transition of block copolymer films from one initial disordered morphology to four different ordered morphologies, covering much of the theoretical diblock copolymer phase diagram.     

基于TDLAS技术的空气气压精确测量

基于可调谐激光二极管吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术,通 过测量水汽吸收线的展宽,实现了气体压力的精确测量。实验中光源被 分为两束,一束通过压力可调的样品池获得吸收光谱数据,另一束通过FP标准具用以波 长定标。选取 水汽在7243cm－1附近的两条吸收线, 利用测得的10～20kPa之间的水汽吸收线压力展宽值对 HITRAN数据库中的空气展宽系数进行校正。实时测量了参考气压值从30～100kPa时的 水汽吸收线压力展宽,计算得到气压值并与参考气压进行比较,不同参考压力下利用水汽7243.075cm－1 和7242.370cm－1处吸收峰计算结果与参考气压值的偏差分别分布于0.9%附近和2.0%附近,两条吸收谱线 测量结果波动均小于0.2%。实验测量结果与参考值几乎一致,且同一条件不同次测量结果波 动较小,证明了TDLAS技术应用于实时环境气压精确快速测量的可行性。     

Preparation and Characterization of Polyhydroxyurethane/Attapulgite Nanocomposites Via In-Situ Surface-Initiated Polymerization

The polyhydroxyurethane/attapulgite nanocomposites (PHU/ATP) were prepared by in-situ surface-initiated polymerization of a five-membered cyclic carbonate, 2, 2-bis [p-(1, 3-dioxolan-2-one-4-yl-methoxy) phenyl] propane (B5CC) and hexamethylene diamine, from the surface of the aminopropyl attapulgite nanoparticles (APATP) for the first time. The chemical grafting of the polymer on the surface of ATP was confirmed by FTIR and the morphology of the attapulgite nanoparticles in the nanocomposites was examined by TEM. The thermal stabilities of the polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) and the polyhydroxyurethane/attapulgite nanocomposites (PHU/ATP) were compared with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The %G of the attapulgite nanoparticles was also calculated from the results of TGA after the free polyhydroxyurethane was washed off.     

Preparation and Characteration of UV-cured EA/MMT Nanocomposites Via In-Situ Polymerization

A long-chain surfactant, enzoylbenzyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecylammonium bromide (BDOB) with a benzophenone group, was synthesized to modify the montmorillonites (MMT) for the preparation of nanocomposites via photo-induced polymerization. The BDOB-modified MMT was characterized by the fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the results of XRD indicated that the intercalated structures of BDOB-modified MMT was obtained. The conversion of the bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate (EA) was quantified by the FTIR, and the results indicated that conversion increased with an increase in the amount of BDOB-modified MMT. The morphologies of the UV-cured EA/MMT nanocomposites prepared from this organically modified MMT were studied by means of XRD and TEM, and the results showed that all the samples contained an intercalated structure with partial exfoliated structure. The results of TGA and mechanical properties also indicated that the thermal and mechanical properties of UV-cured nanocomposites were significantly enhanced due to the presence of the long chain surfactant organically modified MMT.     

退火温度对TiO2/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜光电性能的影响

采用水热法在FTO上制备（001）高活性晶面主导的TiO₂纳米片薄膜,利用循环伏安法在TiO₂纳米片薄膜上沉积CdSe颗粒,制备了TiO₂/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜。分别在150、250、350、450 ℃,氩气保护气氛中对样品进行退火。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、X射线光电子能谱分析仪（XPS）、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）分光光度计以及电化学工作站对不同温度退火后的TiO₂/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜的微观形貌、晶体结构、光电化学性能进行表征和测试。结果表明：六方相CdSe纳米颗粒均匀包覆在TiO₂纳米片表面,直径30 nm左右;随着退火温度的升高CdSe纳米颗粒长大,形成光滑的CdSe薄膜,且晶化程度提高;TiO₂纳米片表面的Se元素与Cd元素发生氧化;TiO₂/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜对可见光的吸收光谱发生红移,禁带宽度逐渐减小。光电化学性能测试表明随着退火温度的升高,TiO₂/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜的光电流密度显著提高,开路电压减小,但由于SeO2和CdO的出现,导致填充因子减小,影响光电转换效率的提高。在本实验条件下,TiO₂/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜的最佳退火温度为150 ℃,填充因子为0.77,光电转换效率达到3.12%。