Short period (Si6Ge4)p superlattices: photoluminescence and electron microscopy study

Si–Ge heterostructures made of 6 monolayers of Si and 4 monolayers of Ge repeated p times (Si₆Ge₄)_p, strained on Si (1 0 0) substrates, have been investigated by photoluminescence measurements and electron microscopy. The films were grown at 400°C by molecular beam epitaxy, using Sb as surfactant. The photoluminescence results of the whole set of samples show similar spectra, for both the single Ge quantum well (p=1) and the thicker heterostructure (p=30). The phonon assisted transverse optical line is measured at about 40 meV far from the no-phonon one, and this corresponds to the Ge–Ge vibration. Our results demonstrate that excitonic recombination occurs mainly in the Ge layers and it is indirect in nature, whatever the repetition number (p) is. Furthermore, we evidenced a high localization of the photoluminescence process excluding any superperiodicity effect.     

结肠癌病人几种细胞的Raman光谱

文章给出了结肠癌病人的几种细胞的拉曼光谱。从实验谱线中得到,均有构像不灵敏的苯丙氨酸的单取代苯环的伸缩振动谱线1002cm~(-1),谱线强而半高宽较小,且不易改变,可作为生物细胞拉曼谱线的内标。白细胞拉曼谱线弱而少,红细胞拉曼谱线强而丰富,且有一个吡咯环的C—N呼吸振动谱带,窄而强的1919cm~(-1)的特征峰,宽而强的谱线1577,1560,1548cm~(-1),这是其他细胞不具有的。腺癌细胞的拉曼谱线相对较弱,许多谱线消失,生长在不同部位癌变细胞的荧光强度分布不同。通过这些特征拉曼谱线的不同,为癌症的诊断和治疗提供了有力的实验依据。     

Intermixing at the interface of the system Nb/Fe(1 1 0) investigated by STM

The growth of niobium on the Fe(1 1 0) surface at a deposition temperature between room temperature (RT) and 680 K was studied using in situ STM and LEED. At RT we observe no indication of intermixing. Although a final roughness of only 1.7 Å is reached, the crystalline quality is low. At elevated growth temperatures the development of a surface alloy was observed, whose formation is ascribed to an exchange mechanism through which Nb adatoms are incorporated into the Fe surface. These Nb atoms arrange themselves in chains along the [0 0 1] direction. The expelled Fe atoms form islands on the Nb/Fe-alloy substrate. At higher coverage additionally a Nb wetting layer and intermixed 3D islands evolve.     

Inverted chemical force microscopy: following interfacial reactions on the nanometer scale

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with chemical specificity using chemically modified AFM probes, so-called chemical force microscopy, was applied to study surface chemical reactions on the nanometer scale. To overcome the typical limitations of conventional AFM in following reactions in real-time, i.e. slow data acquisition, as well as thermal and instrumental drifts, we have introduced a new approach, named inverted chemical force microscopy (iCFM). In iCFM the reactants are immobilized on the AFM tip rather than on the substrate. The chemical reactions take place at the surface of the tip and are probed in real-time by force-displacement measurements on an inert octadecanethiol-covered Au substrate. The reactions studied were the hydrolysis and aminolysis of 11,11^′-dithiobis(N-hydroxysuccinimidylundecanoate) (NHS-C₁₀). By iCFM intermolecular interactions and hence reaction kinetics can be quantitatively studied on the level of ∼10-100 molecules. In particular, our iCFM data showed that the aminolysis reaction with n-butylamine on SAMs of NHS-C₁₀ is a spatially heterogeneous reaction. In addition, information about the defect density of reactive SAMs was obtained.     

A study of the optical transfer function for annular binary filters

The annular binary pupil filters consist of two transparent annuli obstructed by an annular mask. The optical transfer functions for them are analytically derived under paraxial approximation, and three- and two- as well as one-dimensional numerical plots are presented. It is shown that by changing the parameters of transparent regions it is possible to improve the axial resolution whilst the transverse resolution remains unchanged, compared with an annular lens. Results indicate, as is well known, that this kind of filters can be applied to three-dimensional confocal microscopy.     

Graphite powder and multiwalled carbon nanotubes chemically modified with 4-nitrobenzylamine.

We demonstrate that graphite powder and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be derivatised by 4-nitrobenzylamine (4-NBA) simply by stirring the graphite powder or MWCNTs in a solution of acetonitrile containing 10 mM 4-NBA. We propose that 4-NBA partially intercalates at localised edge-plane or edge-plane-like defect sites and this hypothesis with a range of experimental data provided by electrochemistry in both aqueous and nonaqueous media, electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction.     

扫描近场光学显微镜中两类光纤探针传输特性的研究

采用局域模式耦合理论，对扫描近场光学显微镜中的两类光纤探针－腐蚀锥和熔拉锥的传输特性进行了比较和分析。给出了光在探针锥中传输时耦合效率的分布情况，以及传输效率随锥长，针尖直径和光波长变化的特性。     

An approach to achieve lateral superresolution for small probe confocal measurement system and its element

A shaped annular beam superresolution approach is proposed to improve a lateral resolution of a small probe laser confocal measurement system (LCMS). The approach proposed enables lateral superresolution measurement of LCMS to be achieved by using a binary optical diffractive element to shape a He–Ne Gaussian laser beam into an annular beam with an inner diameter of 0.87 mm and an outer diameter of 1.8 mm required for superresolution measurement, and shift the beam spatial frequency from low to high. And a binary optical element (BOE) with 16 phase levels is designed and fabricated to shape a Gaussian laser beam into an annular beam. Preliminary experimental results indicate that an intensity distribution of a shaped annular beam is in agreement with simulation results, the diffractive efficiency is 87.2%; LCMS lateral and axial resolutions of 0.2 μm and 3 nm are achieved, respectively, and its measurement range is expanded nearly to double, when BOE is used in LCMS and , NA=0.85.     

Fast heating in µ-thermal analysis</o:p>

Summary Thermal analysis of the 10 μm surface of materials using TA Instruments' μ-TA thermal probe and pulsed force mode AFM has shown promising results. This addresses the need of additional surface characterization based on principle of Thermal Analysis, which is complementary to other surface characterization techniques, i.e., Surface-IR, TOF-SIMS, etc. The method calls for identification of surface landscape by imaging first, followed by fast heating the spots of interest. The micro thermal probe is viewed to heat a small material with a tiny heater rather than to heat small material with a large heater in conventional thermal analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability in the adhesion temperature of the topical coatings of Tyvek? HDPE sheets, fusion of the heat-processed polyethylene fibers in a bundle, the surface crystallinity of PET pellets, and two examples of phase images of toughened Nylon 66. Comparisons were made where it is possible with standard thermal analysis techniques as well as with the microscopic techniques of AFM, TEM and optical.     

电镜在肌病诊断中的应用

本文介绍了肌病的基本病理变化和主要超微结构改变，以及电镜诊断中应注意事项。肌病类型繁多而反应方式有限、绝大多数病变缺乏特异性，但一定的病组合格局常有助于鉴别诊断，电镜诊断时要注意综合分析，并密切结合病理组织学及组织化学变化和临床资料。