Study of reaction processes by in-line near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate curve resolution: Esterification of myristic acid with isopropanol

The acid-catalysed esterification of myristic acid with isopropanol was studied by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in combination with soft-modeling curve resolution (MCR) methodology with a view to establishing the effect of experimental variables on the reaction kinetics. The reaction was conducted at temperatures above the boiling point of the alcohol, with continuous addition of an isopropanol/water mixture to the reactor. Spectral and concentration profiles were determined by applying soft-modeling curve resolution methodology to a column-wise augmented data matrix containing the spectra for the pure components. MCR profiles were compared with reference values and found to depart from then by less than 3% as %RSE for concentrations and to exhibit correlation above 0.999 for spectra.The reaction kinetics as estimated from the concentration profiles was found to be pseudo-first-order. Also, the pseudo-first-order rate constant was found to depend on the flow-rate of the isopropanol/water mixture and its water content; although the constant decreased with increase in the proportion of water, a content of ca. 15% could be used without important retarding effects on the kinetics. The proposed NIR-MCR method allows the rate constant and the influence of the initial water content to be determined with a view to minimizing consumption of the raw materials and optimizing the experimental conditions.     

Assembly maps,K-theory, and hyperbolic groups

Following Connes and Moscovici, we show that the Baum-Connes assembly map forK _*(C*v) is rationally injective when is word-hyperbolic, implying the Equivariant Novikov conjecture for such groups. Using this result in topologicalK-theory and Borel-Karoubi regulators, we also show that the corresponding generalized assembly map in algebraicK-theory is rationally injective.     

Etude Experimentale et Modelisation des Equilibres Solide—Liquide du Systeme Binaire H2O—UO2(NO3)2

The binary system H₂O—UO₂(NO₃)₂ was studied by solubility measurements and constant heat flow thermal analysis. Temperature and composition of the eutectic transformation between ice and uranyl nitrate hexahydrate were accurately defined. A new hydrate with 24 molecules of water decomposes at –21°C according to the peritectoid reaction<UO₂(NO₃)₂·24H₂O> <UO₂(NO₃)₂·6H₂O> + 18<H₂O>The quasi-ideal model was applied to the solid—liquid equilibria, using the following reaction hypothesis:((UO ₂ ²⁺ )) + 2((NO ₃ ^– ))+ h((H₂O)) ((UO₂OH⁺aq)) + ((H₃O⁺aq + 2((NO ₃ ^– aq))A complete calculation of the binary system was carried out with a global ionic hydration number h equal to 9 in the aqueous solutions. It allowed to the melting enthalpies of uranyl nitrate hydrates.

This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一般增长曲线模型参数阵的BLU估计

考虑一般增长曲线模型：Ｙ＝Ｘ１ＢＸ２＋εＥ（Ｖｅｃ（ε））＝０Ｖ（Ｖｅｃ（ε））＝σ２ＶＩｎ（Ｖ０）本文对任一可估函数ＫＢＬ给出了它的ＢＬＵ估计（最佳线性无偏估计），并得到了方差σ２的一个无偏估计．     

Quantum Information Entropies on Hyperbolic Single Potential Wells

In this work, we study the quantum information entropies for two different types of hyperbolic single potential wells. We first study the behaviors of the moving particle subject to two different hyperbolic potential wells through focusing on their wave functions. The shapes of these hyperbolic potentials are similar, but we notice that their momentum entropy densities change along with the width of each potential and the magnitude of position entropy density decreases when the momentum entropy magnitude increases. On the other hand, we illustrate the behaviors of their position and momentum entropy densities. Finally, we show the variation of position and momentum entropies Sx and Sp with the change of the potential well depth u and verify that their sum still satisfies the BBM inequality relation.     

COMPLETE REDUCIBILITY FOR QUASILINEAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS

In this paper we present a necessary and sufficient condition to guarantee the complete reducibility for quasilinear hyperbolic systems and give some examples.     

模拟自然树生长的竞争算法及在曲线拟合中的应用

 利用自然树生长过程中生长、凋落矛盾统一的原理,建立了自然树生长的竞争模型,提出了模拟自然树生长的竞争算法.为验证算法的合理性和有效性,将其应用于复杂曲线的拟合,与标准遗传算法进行对比,该算法具有运行速度快、内存占用率低、拟合精确度高.与经典的最小二乘法进行对比,该算法内存占有率低且具有抗噪特性.该算法为优化设计和计算提供了一种新的思路.     

基于最小像素误差控制的曲线矢量数据自适应数学描述

 矢量数据的B样条曲线拟合算法被广泛地应用于数据的可逆压缩和矢量曲线数据的数学表达.但现有算法的误差评估大都是针对各坐标轴具有相同尺度单位的,而对各坐标轴尺度单位不同的工程曲线图则无能为力.据此提出了一种不大于1个像素最小栅格误差的矢量数据自适应序号参变量样条曲线拟合算法.该算法首先从矢量数据中以近乎相等的曲线弧长选出若干型值节点,并通过盈亏修正获得节点误差限为0.001的序号参变量样条曲线拟合.然后遍历拟合曲线对应的全部栅格点,检测它所在3×3邻域内是否有矢量数据栅格点或栅格图像曲线点位于其中,若有则该点满足于1个像素的误差限,反之将该曲线型值节点段进行标记,并转到曲线的下一型值节点段继续进行检测.对不满足要求的曲线型值节点段,通过添加一个型值节点或曲线序号数的移位等使之满足误差要求.实验结果表明该算法具有更高的准确性和使用的方便性.     

一种拟合曲线的新拟合算法

非线性测量中对测量结果进行曲线拟合通常采用最小均方误差的标准进行系统参数的辨识,该方法未考虑输入样本的随机性。基于此,提出了一种新的拟合算法:考虑输入样本的随机性所采取的一种加权的最小均方误差拟合方法,利用已知的输入样本的统计特性对权值进行估计,对算法概率为1的任意逼近性给出证明,并对区间半长作出估计。实验表明,该算法有较理想的逼近效果。