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91.
In the very large scale integration (VLSI) technology, the need for high density and high performance integrated circuit (IC)
chip demands advanced processing techniques that often result in the generation of high energy particles and photons. Frequently,
the radiation damage are introduced by these energetic particles and photons during device processing. The radiation damage
created by x-ray irradiation, which can often occur during metal sputtering process, has been shown to potentially enhance
hot-carrier instability if the neutral traps which act as electron or hole traps in the silicon dioxide is not annealed out.
In this paper, we investigate the effects of annealing using different hydrogen contents and temperatures on the device characteristics
and hot carrier instability of 0.5 μm CMOS devices after 1500 mJ/cm2 synchrotron x-ray irradiation. Three different annealing conditions were employed; 400° C H2, 450° C H2, and 400° C H2 + N2. It is found that for all three different hydrogen anneals the normal characteristics of irradiated CMOS devices can be effectively
recovered. The hot-carrier instability of bothp- andn-channel MOSFETs are significantly enhanced after x-ray irradiation due to the creation of neutral traps and positively charged
oxide traps. After high H2 (100%) concentration anneals at 450° C, the hot-carrier instability in irradiatedn-channel devices is greatly reduced and comparable to the non-irradiated devices. Although the hot-carrier instability inp-channel devices is also significantly reduced after annealing, the threshold voltage shifts are still enhanced as compared
to the devices without exposure to x-ray irradiation during maximum gate current stress. For those non-irradiated, but hydrogen-annealedp-channel devices, the hot-carrier instability was observed to be worse than the non-irradiated device without hydrogen annealing. 相似文献
92.
93.
介绍了一种结构更加简单的热壁外延装置,以及用该装置在GaAs(100)面上生长ZnSe单晶外延层的工艺。扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析表明用该装置生长的ZnSe单晶外延层是比较理想的。 相似文献
94.
热塑料板膜工艺是用热成型方法制作单件塑料教具和塑料配件的一种技术,它为无塑料制品生产能力的大、中院校物理、化学、生物实验室在研制教学仪器或做仿真制品时提供可行的石膏——锡模方法.教师采用该工艺,可在无现成模具和无注塑设备的条件下生产塑料教具,并可为计算机虚拟教学,提供实体模型. 相似文献
95.
Meritxell Martínez‐Palau Lourdes Franco Jordi Puiggalí Goran Ungar 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(18):2640-2653
Isothermal crystallization behavior of a new regular polyester constituted by glycolic acid and 4‐hydroxybutyric acid units is studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and hot‐stage optical microscopy. A wide range of crystallization conditions were experimentally accessible, allowing various morphological features to be observed and accurate estimates made of characteristic growth parameters, including radial growth and nucleation rates. Three‐dimensional spherulitic growth from heterogeneous nuclei is deduced from the Avrami analysis, whereas optical micrographs reveal two different spherulitic textures that agree with the existence of two crystallization regimes. These can be well distinguished from the breaks observed in the Lauritzen and Hoffman plots when the linear crystal growth rate or the overall crystallization rate is considered. Ringed and nonringed spherulites with negative and positive birefringence, respectively, can be obtained depending on crystallization conditions and regimes. The studied polyester shows rather complex melting behavior which is interpreted in terms of a recrystallization process involving the two different kinds of spherulites. This study allows polymorphism to be discounted. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2640–2653, 2007 相似文献
96.
97.
Zusammenfassung Der Torsionsversuch eignet sich zur Untersuchung des plastischen Verhaltens von Metallen bei erhöhten Temperaturen, wenn die Fließspannung stark von der Umformgeschwindigkeit abhängt. Aus der gemessenen Drehmoment-Drehwinkel-Kurve wird die Fließkurvek
f
() berechnet. Hierfür wird ein Fließkriterium benötigt, dessen Unsicherheit im allgemeinen größer ist als alle Meßfehler. Diese Unsicherheit geht aber nicht in die berechnete Dehngeschwindigkeitsempfindlichkeit ein, die somit als Hauptergebnis des Versuches anzusehen ist.Um die Bedingungen technischer Warmumformung zu simulieren, wird die Verwendung extrem kurzer Proben (flacher Scheiben) empfohlen, womit sehr hohe Umformgeschwindigkeiten erreicht werden können. Für die Auswertung derartiger Versuche ist die wirksame Länge der kurzen Proben — experimentell oder semiempirisch — zu bestimmen und die Kerbwirkung zu berücksichtigen. Im Gegensatz zur herkömmlichen Vorgehensweise wird empfohlen, die örtliche Spannung und Verzerrung nicht für die Mantelfläche der Probe zu berechnen, sondern für einen kritischen Radialabstand im Innern der Probe, für den die Schiebung von der Kerbwirkung unabhängig ist, so daß sich die zuverlässigsten Werte ergeben.
Summary The torsion test is often used for studying the plastic deformation of metals at elevated temperatures when stress depends strongly on the strain rate. From the measured torque-twisting angle curve, the stress-strain curvek f () has to be calculated. For this purpose a yield criterion has to be used the uncertaintly of which normally exceeds all experimental errors. This uncertaintly, however, does not propagate into the calculated strain rate sensitivity which therefore may be considered as the main result of the torsion test.For simulating the conditions of technical hot forming processes, the use of extremely short test pieces (flat discs) by which very high strain rates can be obtained is recommended. For evaluating the test data the efficient lenght of short specimens has to be determined. In opposition to the conventional procedure of test evaluation, it is recommended not to calculate stress and strain for the surface of the specimen but for a critical radius for which strain is independent of the notch effect so that the most reliable values are obtained.
Mit 5 Abbildungen 相似文献
98.
Qinghua Guo Minmin Xu Yaxian Yuan Renao Gu Jianlin Yao 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2016,47(5):537-544
Metal nanoparticle dimers with controllable gap distance have attracted considerable attention because of their promising application in plasmonics. Generally, gaps with nanometer or subnanometer dimensions generate localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling effect, thus contributing to a strong electromagnetic field for improving surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. Here, we developed a facile approach to fabricate Au@SiO2 dimers through the steric hindrance effect, in which the SiO2 shell functioned as a block and a rigid dithiol molecule was employed as linker. The thickness of the SiO2 shell played a critical role in improving the yield of dimers. The dimerization efficiency increased significantly as the shell thickness decreased to ~1 nm. When 1,4‐benzenedithiol was used as linker molecule, the yield of dimers was ~30%. Few dimers were obtained when mecaptobenzonic acid was used as linker. A thicker shell is associated with a low yield of dimer, whereas a thinner shell resulted in the formation of multimers and linear structures. The low number of linker molecules on the exposed area of monodisperse single nanoparticles and the lack of LSPR coupling effect (‘hot spots’) resulted in the disappearance of SERS signals of the linkers. The estimated SERS enhancement factor was about eight fold because of the strong coupling effect in the gap of the dimer with the distance of the dithiol molecular length. From the above results, SERS combined with SEM could be developed into powerful tools for monitoring the formation of dimers and positioning of single dimers. It may aid the control of assembly of Au nanoparticles and in probing key issues about SERS enhancements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
99.
Thomas Gelbrich Isabella Meischberger Ulrich J. Griesser 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2015,71(3):204-210
Polymorph (Ia) (m.p. 474 K) of the title compound, C12H18N2O3, displays an N—H...O=C hydrogen‐bonded layer structure which contains R66(28) rings connecting six molecules, as well as R22(8) rings linking two molecules. The 3‐connected hydrogen‐bonded net resulting from these interactions has the hcb topology. Form (Ib) (m.p. 471 K) displays N—H...O=C hydrogen‐bonded looped chains in which neighbouring molecules are linked to one another by two different R22(8) rings. Polymorph (Ia) is isostructural with the previously reported form II of 5‐(2‐bromoallyl)‐5‐isopropylbarbituric acid (noctal) and polymorph (Ib) is isostructural with the known crystal structures of four other barbiturates. 相似文献
100.
2009年8月,随着‘感知中国’的提出,国内众多学者对无线传感器网络开展了日益深入的研究,而节省网络能耗则是研究的首要问题。主要针对延长传感器网络生存时间、增强网络的可靠性的目标,提出一种自适应区域路由算法(ARRA),它包括对WSN进行区域规划、区域自治以及区域负载均衡三个方面。分析和仿真同时表明,ARRA实现了传感器网络的能量均衡,降低了网络能耗,并能提升某些热点区域的生存周期和可靠性。 相似文献