丁胺包裹的CdSe量子点敏化的TiO2纳米晶薄膜电子转移机制

利用超快光谱技术系统研究了在丁胺包裹的CdSe量子点敏化的TiO₂纳米晶薄膜起始时刻界面间电子转移动力学。与之前的报道不同,该实验结果表明:CdSe量子点经过表面修饰后,两相电子注入机制--热电子和冷电子注入得以被证实,即:电子能分别从CdSe量子点导带中高的振动能级和导带底转移到TiO₂的导带。该机制详细描绘了电子在纳米界面间转移的图景。进一步研究发现:热电子注入的电子耦合强度(3.6±0.1 meV)比弛豫后的基态电子注入高两个数量级,基于Marcus理论,伴随着0.083 eV的重组能,冷电子注入的耦合强度值为~50 μeV。     

Probe‐assisted spin manipulation in one‐dimensional quantum dots

We study a spin structure that arises in a one‐dimensional quantum dot with zero total spin under the action of a charged tip of a scanning probe microscope in the presence of a weak magnetic field. The evolution of spin structure with changing the probe position is traced to show that the movable probe can be an effective tool to manipulate the spin. The spin structures are formed when the probe is located in certain regions along the dot due to Coulomb interaction of electrons as they are redistributed between the two sections in which the quantum dot is divided by the potential barrier created by the probe. There are two main states: spin‐polarized and non‐polarized ones. The transition between them is accompanied by a spin precession governed by the Rashba spin–orbit interaction induced by the electric field of the probe. In the transition region the spin density changes strongly while charge distribution remains nearly unchanged. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Elastic scattering of low-energy electrons by NO

We report elastic integral, momentum transfer and differential cross sections for electron scattering by N₂O for energies up to 50 eV. These results were obtained at the static-exchange approximation with the Schwinger Multichannel Method with Pseudopotentials [M.H.F. Bettega, L.G. Ferreira and M.A.P. Lima, Phys. Rev. A 47, 1111 (1993)]. In general our results show good agreement with experimental data and with other theoretical results but some discrepancies are found. We have also found a shape resonance around 4 eV in agreement with previous calculations using the R-matrix Method of Sarpal et al. [J. Phys. B 29, 857 (1996)]. On the other hand, the existence of a resonance at about 13 eV, clearly seen by the Schwinger Variational Iterative Method [Michelin et al., J. Phys. B 29, 2115 (1996)], can not be confirmed by our calculations. At this energy, our cross sections show a broad bump with no clear resonant behavior given by the eigenphase sum. Received: 13 November 1997 / Revised: 13 March 1998 / Accepted: 9 April 1998     

The viscosity cross-section for elastic electron-xenon collisions including electron spin polarization

The results of the evaluation of the viscosity cross-section for elastic electron-xenon collisions, taking into account the spin-orbit interaction of the continuum electron, in the energy interval from 0.1 eV to 50 eV are presented and discussed. The calculations are performed on the basis of three theoretically derived sets of phase shift data obtained by different authors and on the deduced relativistic expression for the viscosity cross-section in terms of phase shifts discerning the spin-up and spin-down states of the scattered electrons. Comparison with viscosity cross-sections, as evaluated from non-relativistic phase shifts extracted from experiments, strongly favours the relativistic results. The assumption of isotropic scattering is critically examined and the error induced by its use is shown to persist to the same extent as in non-relativistic calculations, at least in the energy region considered. Received: 22 April 1998 / Received in final form: 16 December 1998     

高能电子辐射下聚四氟乙烯深层充电特性

介质深层充放电现象是诱发航天器异常故障的重要因素之一.分析了高能电子辐射下介质内部电荷沉积、能量沉积特性和电导特性,考虑了真空与介质界面电荷对电场分布的影响,建立了介质二维深层充电的物理模型,并基于有限元方法实现了数值计算.计算了高能电子辐射下聚四氟乙烯的深层充电特性.结果表明:真空环境下,介质的表面存在较弱的反向电场,随着介质深度增大,电场减小至零,随后逐渐增大,最大值出现在靠近接地附近,但在接地点,电场存在小幅降低.分析了不同辐射时间下(1 h,1 d,10 d和30 d),介质内部最大电位和最大电场的时空演变特性.随着辐射时间的增加,最大电位由-128V增加至-7.9×104V,最大电场由2.83×105V·m-1增加至1.76×108V·m-1.讨论了入射电子束流密度对最大电场的影响,典型空间电子环境(1×10-10A·m-2)下,电子辐照10 d时,介质内部最大电场为2.95×106V·m-1.而恶劣空间电子环境(2×10-8A·m-2)下,电子辐射42 h,介质内部最大电场即达到108V·m-1,超过材料击穿阈值(约为108V·m-1),极易发生放电现象.该物理模型和数值方法可以作为航天器复杂部件多维电场仿真的研究基础.     

Influence of wire mesh electrodes on the volume and surface characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge of atmospheric pressure helium

The dielectric barrier discharge of helium in a 6 mm gap at atmospheric pressure was studied. In this paper, the influence of electric field distribution on the uniformity of DBD is analyzed theoretically and verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the mesh electrode produces a local enhancement effect by affecting the electric field and then produces corona discharge, which provides seed electrons for the subsequent discharge process. The effects of mesh diameter and size on discharge uniformity and stability are analyzed, the electrode structure parameters are optimized, the method of a segmented electrode is proposed, and the discharge process and charge distribution are studied. The electrical diagnosis results of plasma technology show that the segmented mesh electrode reduces the breakdown voltage of DBD and increases the charge deposition.     

冲击作用下HMX晶体孔洞塌缩热点生成机制的细观数值模拟

热点的形成、点火以及成长过程是理解非均匀炸药冲击起爆的关键.采用离散元法,对冲击作用下含孔洞的HMX晶体进行了细观数值模拟.计算结果表明:在较低冲击作用下,孔洞边缘发生了较大的剪切变形,粘塑性功形成热点;而在较高冲击作用下,孔洞塌缩产生射流,汇聚流动,冲击下游炸药形成热点,并获得了孔洞塌缩和热点生成演化的细观过程.     

超重核合成进展

介绍了超重核合成的历史和现状 ,对现有的超重核合成的实验情况和理论模型做了评述 ,指出了在国内利用现有设备和放射性核束装置开展超重核合成可能的方案     

A confident source of hard X‐rays: radiation from a tokamak applicable for runaway electrons diagnosis

In a tokamak with a toroidal electric field, electrons that exceed the critical velocity are freely accelerated and can reach very high energies. These so‐called `runaway electrons' can cause severe damage to the vacuum vessel and are a dangerous source of hard X‐rays. Here the effect of toroidal electric and magnetic field changes on the characteristics of runaway electrons is reported. A possible technique for runaways diagnosis is the detection of hard X‐ray radiation; for this purpose, a scintillator (NaI) was used. Because of the high loop voltage at the beginning of a plasma, this investigation was carried out on toroidal electric field changes in the first 5 ms interval from the beginning of the plasma. In addition, the toroidal magnetic field was monitored for the whole discharge time. The results indicate that with increasing toroidal electric field the mean energy of runaway electrons rises, and also an increase in the toroidal magnetic field can result in a decrease in intensity of magnetohydrodynamic oscillations which means that for both conditions more of these high‐energy electrons will be generated.     

介质加载折叠波导行波管的线性分析

提出了一种介质加载折叠波导慢波结构,给出了该结构中存在电子注时慢波互作用的热色散方程,在介电常数ε_r=1的特殊情况下该方程即简化为普通折叠波导的小信号工作方程.在给定慢波结构尺寸的基础上,分析比较了介质加载对放大器小信号增益特性的影响,结果表明:"弱加载"(介质厚度d/a<0.1)时,无需重新设计慢波结构的参数,只需适当调整工作电压和电流就可以满足原有设计要求,而且和未加载时相比增益特性更为平坦,降低的电子注阻抗也有利于电子效率的提高.考虑到 关键词： 折叠波导 行波管放大器 介质加载 热色散方程