On the Time‐Resolved Optogalvanic Spectra of Neon and Krypton

In this work time resolved optogalvanic signals associated with transitions excited from the first metastable state of neon and krypton have been studied. These gases have similar energy state configurations and it is of significant interest to study their time resolved optogalvanic waveforms resulting from transitions belonging to the states of same quantum numbers. The experimentally observed optogalvanic signals recorded for different discharge currents have been fitted to a theoretical model to obtain parameters that determine amplitudes, instrumental time constants and decay rates of the 1s levels. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Controlled Synthesis of Various Hollow Cu Nano/MicroStructures via a Novel Reduction Route

Hollow Cu nano/microstructures are prepared by reduction of CuSO₄ · 5 H₂O with glucose by using a mild hydrothermal process. The X‐ray powder diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis indicate that the products are pure Cu and of cubic phase. The morphology of the products can be controlled between nanotubes and microspheres assembled from hollow nanoparticles by adjusting the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A series of experiments confirm that the concentration of the glucose and NaOH also play important roles in the formation of the hollow Cu nano/microstructures.     

激光淬火与中频感应淬火对比研究

利用摩擦磨损实验机对45CrNi钢开展了激光淬火和中频感应淬火摩擦磨损对比实验研究，并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、投射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等设备对两种淬火试样硬化层进行了微观分析。结果表明，在载荷50～250 N条件下，激光淬火试样的耐磨性比中频感应淬火试样提高了4%～21%;中频感应淬火试样的摩擦系数略大于激光淬火试样的摩擦系数。两者的主要磨损形式均为磨粒磨损，但中频感应淬火试样磨损后表面犁沟的深度和宽度大于激光淬火试样表面犁沟的深度和宽度。两种淬火方法淬硬层均为板条马氏体和少量针状马氏体的混合组织，但中频感应淬火淬硬层有大量的碳化物析出，碳化物含量多且碳化物颗粒大、残余奥氏体多。     

高性能Ag/AgI红外空芯光纤的研究

采用液相化学镀膜法研制了内面镀有银膜和碘化银膜(Ag/AgI)的高性能空芯红外光纤.分析了绿色导航光和红外激光同时低损耗传输的光纤结构参量.长度1 m、内直径0.7 mm的Ag/AgI空芯光纤不仅在红外有低损耗传输特性,而且首次在波长530 nm处获得了7 dB/m的低传输损耗特性.满足可见光作为导航光的同轴传输要求.通过分析和改进实验工艺参量,有效降低Ag和AgI薄膜的表面粗糙度.给出了高性能Ag/AgI空芯光纤的介质镀膜的具体工艺参量.     

一种新型的空心镍纳米球的合成

通过以二氧化硅粒子作为模板和金纳米粒子为表面晶种的方法制备了壳厚度可控的镍空心球。采用TEM﹑XRD对二氧化硅/镍复合球和镍空心球进行了表征和研究。结果表明镍纳米壳是由似针状的面心立方的镍纳米粒子构成的，碱溶液处理过程不影响镍纳米壳的形貌。高温处理显示镍空心球具有良好的热稳定性。     

YAG脉冲激光焊接的光致等离子体机理研究

针对 YAG脉冲激光焊接 Al及 4 5#钢时产生的光致等离子体 ,采用空心圆电极探测等离子体电信号 ;建立探测器内等离子体区域分析的理论模型 ,并用试验加以验证。研究结果表明 ,在负电压段 ,等离子体电信号的电流随电压增加呈现饱和趋势 ;理论与试验曲线比较证明 ,等离子体温度高于被焊材料气化温度约 30 0 K。     

Multi‐shelled Hollow Metal–Organic Frameworks

Hollow metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials with sophisticated structures, such as multiple shells, that cannot only enhance the properties of MOFs but also endow them with new functions. Herein, we show a rational strategy to fabricate multi‐shelled hollow chromium (III) terephthalate MOFs (MIL‐101) with single‐crystalline shells through step‐by‐step crystal growth and subsequent etching processes. This strategy relies on the creation of inhomogeneous MOF crystals in which the outer layer is chemically more robust than the inner layer and can be selectively etched by acetic acid. The regulation of MOF nucleation and crystallization allows the tailoring of the cavity size and shell thickness of each layer. The resultant multi‐shelled hollow MIL‐101 crystals show significantly enhanced catalytic activity during styrene oxidation. The insight gained from this systematic study will aid in the rational design and synthesis of other multi‐shelled hollow structures and the further expansion of their applications.     

Gas Pickering Emulsion Templated Hollow Carbon for High Rate Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries

A CO₂ in water nanoparticle stabilized Pickering emulsion is used to template micrometer sized hollow porous nitrogen doped carbon particles for high rate performance lithium sulfur battery. For the first time, nanoparticles serve the dual role of an emulsion stabilizer and a pore template for the shell, directly utilizing in situ generated CO₂ bubbles as template for the core. The minimalistic nature of this method does not require expensive surfactants or additional core templates. Upon polymerization of melamine formaldehyde onto CO₂, a robust polymer/silica composite shell is formed and transformed into a porous shell upon washing. The micrometer‐sized hollow morphology in combination with its nitrogen rich porous shell demonstrates impressive rate capabilities of 670 and 500 mAh g^?1 even at a high rate of 7C and 9C, respectively. This material also possesses excellent cycle durability, exhibiting a low capacity decay of 0.088%/cycle over 300 cycles. Measurement of the shuttle current and impedance provides interesting insight into the polysulfide mass transfer mechanism of hollow structured sulfur hosts.     

硫与Mn2O3空心球的复合结构及其在锂硫电池中的应用

在水热条件下,以碳球为模板合成了Mn₂O₃空心球,并用作锂硫电池的载硫基底材料。测试结果表明载硫量为51%的Mn₂O₃-S复合材料显示了较高的比容量,良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能。循环100圈后,最终可逆容量仍保持657 mA·g^-1,证明该Mn₂O₃空心球是一种有潜力的载硫基底材料。