极性金属间化合物LuSn2的合成、晶体结构及能带特征

在惰性气氛氩气保护下,通过高温固相反应合成得到了一个新的二元极性金属间化合物LuSn2。经X-射线单晶衍射与元素分析等方法确定了其晶体结构。LuSn2属正交晶系,空间群为Cmcm,晶体学参数a=0.435 11(10)nm,b=1.601 6(4)nm,c=0.427 80(8)nm,V=0.298 12(11)nm3,Z=4,R1=0.017 0,wR2=0.032 4。LuSn2属于ZrSi2结构类型,其结构中包含有一维"之"字型Sn链与二维四方格子状Sn层,Lu原子排列在Sn链与Sn层的空隙中。能带结构计算表明LuSn2呈金属导电性。     

High-precision nuclear magnetic resonance probe suitable for in situ studies of high-temperature metallic melts

High-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be very useful for detecting the temperature-induced structural evolution and dynamics in melts. However, the sensitivity and precision of high-temperature NMR probes are limited. Here we report a sensitive and stable high-temperature NMR probe based on laser-heating, suitable for in situ studies of metallic melts, which can work stably at the temperature of up to 2000 K. In our design, a well-designed optical path and the use of a water-cooled copper radio-frequency (RF) coil significantly optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/NR) at high temperatures. Additionally, a precise temperature controlling system with an error of less than ±1 K has been designed. After temperature calibration, the temperature measurement error is controlled within ±2 K. As a performance testing, ²⁷Al NMR spectra are measured in Zr-based metallic glass-forming liquid in situ. Results show that the S/NR reaches 45 within 90 s even when the sample's temperature is up to 1500 K and that the isothermal signal drift is better than 0.001 ppm per hour. This high-temperature NMR probe can be used to clarify some highly debated issues about metallic liquids, such as glass transition and liquid-liquid transition.     

快速热退火温度对纳米晶氢-硅薄膜及其p-n结性能的影响

采用快速热退火(RTA)对热丝化学气相沉积HWCVD制 备的非晶氢-硅(a-Si:H)薄膜进行晶化处理,并在此基础上制备了 纳米晶氢-硅(nc-Si:H)薄膜p-n结。利用拉曼(Raman)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和分光光 度计研究了所制备(nc-Si:H)薄膜的结构、光学性能与退火温度的关系;同时, 研究了不同RTA条 件下制备p-n结的整流特性随温度变化的规律。研究发现,随RTA温度由700℃升高至 1100℃,薄膜的晶化率由46.3%提高到96%,拉曼峰半高宽(FWHM)由19.7cm－1降低至7. 1cm－1。当退火 温度为700℃时,薄膜的XRD谱中只有一个较弱的Si(111)峰;当退火 温度高于900 ℃时,薄膜 的XRD谱中除Si(111)峰外,还出现了Si(220)、Si(311)峰。同时,随退火温度的升高,薄膜 的禁 带宽度由1.68eV升高至2.05eV。由于禁带宽 度的增加,相应的p-n结最高工作温度也由180℃升高至300℃。     

硅锰合金扭簧应力松弛行为研究

研制了矩形截面扭簧应力松弛试验装置并进行了多组高温实验;提出了可动位错密度函数,结合现有应力松弛位错理论提出了新的硅锰合金弹簧钢扭转应力松弛动力学方程;利用ABAQUS二次开发接口CREEP子程序,实现了将新的应力松弛动力学方程转化为基于隐式有限元法的修正时间硬化蠕变模型,对400℃下的硅锰合金弹簧钢扭转应力松弛行为进行了数值模拟;模拟结果表明,修正的时间硬化蠕变模型与试验结果吻合,扭簧表面的Von Mises应力随时间变化规律与试验中的扭矩随时间变化规律一致.     

基于第二代高温超导带材的磁体研究进展与挑战

随着第二代高温超导(2G-HTS)带材技术的进步和性价比的提高,世界各地的科研机构纷纷展开了基于REBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ(RE123)带材的磁体研制。RE123带材具有极高的载流能力和在场性能,能产生低温超导(LTS)磁体不能达到的强磁场(>24 T)。然而,RE123磁体依然面临着诸多挑战,如磁体的工艺技术、带材的机械性能及性价比等都还需要进一步的提升与优化。文章首先介绍了用于磁体绕制2G-HTS带材,包括其成材工艺、在场性能及应力应变影响等;其次讨论了超导磁体研制的重要技术问题,包括RE123线圈技术、磁体失超保护、屏蔽电流效应及交流损耗等;最后对国内外2G-HTS磁体的研究进展进行了总结,包括磁体的设计方案、技术特点和运行情况等。     

High-temperature (T=80℃) operation of a 2 μm InGaSb-AlGaAsSb quantum well laser

An InGaSb/AlGaAsSb compressively strained quantum well laser emitting at 2 μm has been fabricated. An output power of 82.2 mW was obtained in continuous wave (CW) mode at room temperature. The laser can operate at high temperature (T=80℃), with a maximum output power of 63.7 mW in CW mode.     

强关联费米气体的高温热力学性质

文章首先简要评述了目前强关联超冷费米原子体系的研究现状.由于缺少严格解和小相互作用参数,强关联的量子气体一直缺乏清晰的理解.在该项研究工作中,文章作者提出了一种系统的维里级数展开方法来研究强相互作用费米气体在高温下的热力学行为.方法中的控制小参量是易逸度,即exp(μ/kBT),其中μ是体系的化学势.文章提出了一种实用的方法去计算均匀或势阱束缚下的费米气体的维里展开系数,并首次精确得到了第三维里系数.文章将计算得到的热力学状态方程与最近的实验测量及量子蒙特卡罗模拟结果进行了比较.     

Evaluation and Failure Mechanism of High-Temperature Microwave Absorption for Heterogeneous Phase Enhanced High-Entropy Transition Metal Oxides

Herein, magnetic and conductive heterogeneous nickel-matrix alloy is in situ constructed in the high-entropy transition metal oxide matrix using a reductive circumstance, to form the high-temperature resistant microwave absorbers. The ohmic, dielectric polarization and magnetic loss are enhanced synergistically, prompting the improvement of loss capacity and optimization of the impedance matching feature. The composites achieve over 90% absorption in the whole Ku band with a thickness of just 1.55 mm at room temperature. Moreover, the in situ high temperature measured microwave absorption keeps stable till 500 °C. In situ characterizations are employed to investigate the evolution processes and failure mechanisms. As the temperature elevates, there are three distinct stages. The absorber goes through minor chemical reactions, consequent elimination of magnetic loss, and a rapid increase in electroconductivity. These behaviors culminate in impedance mismatch, finally worsening its absorption performance at elevated temperatures. The proposed evaluation process reveals how the above irreversible and reversible behaviors affect high-temperature microwave absorption, providing an effective theoretical basis for the design of high-temperature microwave absorbers.     

自蔓延高温燃烧合成法制备CeWTiO_x催化剂及其NH_3-SCR性能

采用自蔓延高温燃烧合成法制备了CeWTiO_x系列催化剂并考察了其氨选择性催化还原NO_x(NH_3-SCR)性能。利用X射线衍射、N_2吸附-脱附、H_2程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱、NH_3程序升温脱附表征和分析了催化剂晶相、结构、氧化还原能力和酸性强度与其活性之间的关系。结果表明,Ce_(40)W_(10)TiO_x催化剂在150-430℃NO转化率可达80%以上,含硫条件下200℃NO转化率可保持在97%左右。结果表明,该催化剂的低温活性和抗硫性能主要与W的掺杂有关。钨的存在减弱了Ce-O键的强度,降低了CeO2的结晶度和减小了晶粒粒径,增加了催化剂表面活性氧含量和酸量,提高了其性能。     

Luminescence of zinc selenide obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis

We investigate the photo- and roentgenoluminescence of ZnSe polycrystals obtained by the method of a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). We establish an identity between the spectra of stationary luminescence of the polycrystals investigated and ZnSe single crystals. We show that the long-wave radiation of SHS crystals is due in the main to the presence of uncontrolled oxygen impurities in the crystals as well as to intrinsic defects that form donor-acceptor centers of self-activated luminescence. Investigations of roentgenoluminescence in the mode of its pulse excitation make it possible to isolate short-lived (550, 495, and 452 nm) and long-lived (580 and 630 nm) components of the radiation spectrum. The transformation of the corresponding spectra on a change in the temperature of the crystals is shown. The results demonstrate the possibility of using zinc selenide polycrystals produced by the SHS method in applied luminescence. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 333–337, May–June, 1997.