石化废水中常见有机酸的液相色谱分析

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时检测石化废水中丙烯酸、对甲基苯磺酸、甲基丙烯酸。 水样调节pH=1.6,经0.45 μm醋酸纤维滤膜过滤后直接进行色谱分析。 色谱条件：流动相为体积比93∶7的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=3)和乙腈,流速1.0 mL/min,ZORBAX-SB-C18色谱柱,柱温30 ℃,MWD检测器,检测波长195 nm,进样量10 μL。 丙烯酸、对甲基苯磺酸、甲基丙烯酸的最低检出限分别为0.030、0.028和0.050 mg/L;样品测定的相对标准偏差分别为1.83%、0.69%和0.84%;样品加标回收率96%~112%。     

室温下制备以{211}晶面为主的Ti1-xVxO2薄膜及其可见光催化性能

以金属Ti和V作为靶材,采用直流反应共溅射技术在室温下制备了以{211}晶面为主的锐钛矿相Ti_1-xV_xO₂薄膜,研究了不同V靶功率对Ti_1-xV_xO₂薄膜的薄膜成分、晶相结构和可见光催化性能的影响。研究表明,Ti_1-xV_xO₂薄膜的晶相结构为锐钛矿相,择优取向为(211),而结晶度受V靶功率的影响。随着V靶功率的增加,薄膜中V元素含量逐渐增加,同时,晶粒和沉积速率也逐渐增加。另外,当V靶功率为150 W时,薄膜的表面粗糙度值有一个最大值。V的掺杂导致薄膜的能带间隙变窄,对光的吸收向可见光区偏移,从而有效地改善了薄膜的可见光催化能力。当V靶功率为150 W时,Ti_1-xV_xO₂薄膜的能带间隙值为 2.82 eV,其在2 h的可见光照射下分解了80%的RhB染料。这被归结于能带间隙窄,高能晶面{211}和结晶度高的共同作用。     

PICVib: An accurate,fast, and simple procedure to investigate selected vibrational modes at high theoretical levels

A new approach Procedure for Investigating Categories of Vibrations (PICVib) for estimating vibrational frequencies of selected modes using only the structure and energy calculations at a more demanding computational level is presented and explored. The PICVib has an excellent performance at only a small fraction of the computational demand required for a complete analytical calculation. The errors are smaller than ca. 0.5% when DFT functionals are combined with high level ab initio methods. The approach is general because it can use any quantum chemical program and electronic structure method. It is very robust because it was validated for a wide range of frequency values (ca. 20–4800 cm^–1) and systems: XH₃ (D_3h) with X = B, Al, Ga, N, P, As, O, S, and Se, YH₄ (D_4h) with Y = C, Si, and Ge, conformers of RDX, S_N2 and E2 reactions, [W(dppe)₂(NNC₅H₁₀)] complex, carbon nanotubes, and hydrogen‐bonded complexes including guanine‐cytosine pair. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Identification tree based on fragmentation rules for structure elucidation of organophosphorus esters by electrospray mass spectrometry

Organophosphorus compounds have played important roles as pesticides, chemical warfare agents and extractors of radioactive material. Structural elucidation of phosphonates poses a particular challenge because their initial forms can be hydrolyzed, thus, degradation products may predominate in samples acquired in the field. The analysis of non‐volatile organophosphorus compounds and their degradation products is possible using electrospray tandem mass spectrometry ESI‐MS/MS. Here, we present a generic strategy that allows the unambiguous identification of substituents for two families of organophosphorus compounds: the phosphonates and phosphates. General fragmentation rules were deduced based on the study of decomposition pathways of 55 organophosphorus esters, including examples found in the literature. Multistage MS (MSⁿ) experiments at high resolution in a hybrid mass spectrometer provide accurate mass measurements, whereas collision‐induced dissociation experiments in a triple quadrupole give access to small fragment ions. The creation of a specific nomenclature for each possible structure of organophosphorus compound, depending on the alkyl side chain linked to the oxygen, was achieved by applying these fragmentation rules. This led to the creation of an ‘identification tree’ based upon the unique consecutive decomposition pathways uncovered for each individual compound. Hence, seven structural motifs were created that orient an unequivocal identification using the ‘identification tree’. Despite the similar structures of the ensemble of phosphate and phosphonate esters, distinct identifications based upon characteristic neutral losses and diagnostic fragment ions were possible in all cases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测奶中克拉维酸残留

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)建立了克拉维酸在奶中的残留检测方法。2 g样品经乙醇沉淀蛋白质后,转入鸡心瓶中旋转蒸发浓缩至0.5 mL左右,用乙酸铵定容,净化后检测。流动相为乙腈和0.1%甲酸水,梯度洗脱,经Luna 5u C8色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾电离,多反应监测负离子模式对克拉维酸进行定量分析。采用基质匹配法对奶中克拉维酸的含量进行标准校正,在克拉维酸含量为10～400 μg/kg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999;奶中加标样品的检出限(LOD,按信噪比(S/N)≥3计)为10 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ, S/N≥10)为20 μg/kg。在定量限、1/2最高残留限量、最高残留限量、2倍最高残留限量添加水平下,奶中克拉维酸的平均回收率为80.00%～91.25%,相对标准偏差为5.60%～8.77%。该方法可用于奶中克拉维酸残留的分析检测。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱飞行时间质谱对保健食品中激素类成分的快速筛查和确证

采用高效液相色谱-离子阱飞行时间串联质谱(HPLC-IT-TOF-MS)对保健食品中雌激素、雄激素、糖皮质激素和二羟基苯甲酸内酯类药物等21种激素成分进行快速筛查、定性识别和准确定量。样品经含1.0%乙酸的乙腈溶液超声提取,提取液经QuEChERS吸附剂净化,以C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.0 mm, 3.0 μm)分离,乙腈和0.1%乙酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,正、负离子模式同时扫描。结果表明,21种化合物在5.0～250 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性相关性,相关系数均大于0.993。胶囊和口服液样品中各化合物的定量限(以信噪比≥10计)分别为2.0～5.0 μg/kg和1.0～2.5 μg/L。在低、中、高3个添加水平下,各化合物的平均回收率为60.2%～116.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.0%～18.3%。该方法利用精确质量数匹配和自建标准谱库检索,实现快速筛查,并使用多级特征碎片离子进行确证,具有简便、快速、高效、准确等优点,适用于保健食品中多种激素的快速筛查和测定。     

串联固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中嘧啶胺类杀菌剂残留

建立了食品中嘧啶胺类杀菌剂嘧霉胺、嘧菌胺及嘧菌环胺残留的串联固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。胡萝卜、辣椒等样品经乙酸乙酯提取,石墨化炭黑-弗罗里硅藻土串联固相萃取柱(ENVI-Carb-Florisil SPE)净化后,在HPLC-MS/MS仪上进行检测分析,采用外标法定量。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。结果表明,柱净化后无明显的基质效应,嘧霉胺、嘧菌胺和嘧菌环胺在1～20 μg/L内相关系数可达0.9990以上,具有良好的线性关系;每种杀菌剂选择两个离子对,其中一组用于定量: 嘧霉胺m/z 200.1/107.1,嘧菌胺m/z 224.0/106.0及嘧菌环胺m/z 226.0/108.1;另一组用于确证: 嘧霉胺m/z 200.1/183.1,嘧菌胺m/z 224.0/131.1和嘧菌环胺m/z 226.0/133.1。样品中添加0.1、0.5、1.0 μg/kg的标准品,其回收率为73.2%～98.7%,相对标准偏差(n=10)小于10%;嘧霉胺、嘧菌胺、嘧菌环胺的检出限(信噪比(S/N)=3)均为0.03 μg/kg;嘧霉胺、嘧菌胺、嘧菌环胺的定量限(S/N=10)均为0.1 μg/kg。实验结果表明,该方法提取效果好,具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性。     

Simultaneous analysis of several synthetic cannabinoids,THC, CBD and CBN,in hair by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Method validation and application to real samples

A simple procedure for the quantitative detection of JWH‐018, JWH‐073, JWH 200, JWH‐250, HU‐210, Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) in hair has been developed and fully validated. After digestion with NaOH and liquid–liquid extraction, the separation was performed with an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The absence of matrix interferents, together with excellent repeatability of both retention times and relative abundances of diagnostic transitions, allowed the correct identification of all analytes tested. The method was linear in two different intervals at low and high concentration, with correlation coefficient values between 0.9933 and 0.9991. Quantitation limits ranged from 0.07 pg/mg for JWH‐200 up to 18 pg/mg for CBD The present method for the determination of several cannabinoids in hair proved to be simple, fast, specific and sensitive. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 179 real samples collected from proven consumers of Cannabis, among which 14 were found positive to at least one synthetic cannabinoid. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

粒子与聚合物协同稳定高内相Pickering乳液

选用二氧化硅纳米粒子(H30)和聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)共聚物(PLGA)为复合稳定剂, 成功制备出内相体积分数高达90%的高内相Pickering 乳液. 对照实验表明: 单独用H30粒子作稳定剂, 内相体积分数上限为75%; 单独用PLGA 作稳定剂, 发生严重相分离, 不能形成乳液. 无机纳米粒子与聚合物之间的协同作用在制备高内相乳液的过程中起到了关键作用. 因此, 使用无机粒子和聚合物作为混合稳定剂制备高内相乳液是一种新型而有效的方法.     

硅胶基质高效液相色谱填料研究进展

高效液相色谱(HPLC)不仅是一种有效的分析分离手段,也是一种重要的高效制备分离技术。色谱柱是HPLC系统的核心,不同性能的填料是HPLC广泛应用的基础。硅胶是开发最早、研究最为深入、应用最为广泛的HPLC固定相基质,其制备方法主要有喷雾干燥法、溶胶-凝胶法、聚合诱导胶体凝聚法及模板法等。近年来,亚2μm小粒径硅胶、核-壳型硅胶、双孔径硅胶、介孔性硅胶、有机杂化硅胶等新型硅胶应用于HPLC并取得了色谱分离技术的飞速发展,例如基于亚2μm填料的超高压液相色谱技术、基于核-壳型填料的快速分离技术、基于杂化硅胶填料的高温液相色谱技术等。硅胶经表面化学键合、聚合物包覆等有机改性可制得先进的大分子限进填料、温敏性填料、手性填料等,大大扩展了HPLC的应用范围。本文对液相色谱用硅胶的制备方法、改性与修饰方法以及硅胶基质固定相的评价方法加以系统综述,概述了新型硅胶在HPLC中的应用进展,并对硅胶基质填料的发展方向与应用前景进行了展望。