Brightness Temperature Emitted by Radiometer Calibration Load at Millimeter Wave Band

In this paper, the DVRT (vector radiative transfer theory of densely distributed random discrete scatters) model to calculate the brightness temperature emitted by radiometer calibration load is presented. It takes the multiple scattering of isolation layer into account, which is neglected by the incoherent homogeneous model often used in calibration. Hence, it works much better than incoherent homogeneous model at millimeter wave band. Furthermore, the iteration of DVRT model is presented, and it proves that the incoherent homogeneous model is just the zero-order solution of DVRT model. Some numerical results are provided in the end.     

脉冲高功率离子二极管的动力学模拟

基于等离子体的爆炸发射模型,利用自洽的2.5维的胞中粒子（PIC）模拟程序MAGIC模拟了平板型磁绝缘离子二极管中电子和质子的动力学特性。给出了电压为300kV,外加磁场为2倍临界磁场情况下的二极管特性,阴阳极间隙中带电粒子的空间和相空间分布,以及净电荷密度分布和电场分布,结果表明,引出束流密度比单离子Child-Langmuir公式计算的结果大5倍;外加磁场导致在阴极附近形成虚阴极。空间电荷使得阴阳极间隙中电场扰动和增强。     

光阴极注入器型能量回收射频加速器

光阴极注入器型能量回收射频加速器（PERL）是新一代加速器,在高平均功率自由电子激光和下一代高亮度光源等研究中有很好的应用前景。分析了PERL的强流与高平均功率特性,对注入器输出束流品质的要求及光阴极注入器、超导加速腔等关键技术进行了研究,设计分析了一种特殊结构的高压DC Gun光阴极注入器,能有效地提高DC加速腔中的加速场强,当高压为1MV和加速场达到10MV/m时,产生的电子束流能够基本满足PERL应用要求。同一超导加速段中的束流加速和能量回收的数值模拟计算结果表明,能获得高效率电子束流能量回收效果。     

预脉冲对相对论磁控管工作性能的影响分析

在阐述预脉冲产生的基础上,分析了预脉冲带来的一系列影响,包括工和电压波形变化,提前生成等离子体,以及预脉冲阶段放大竞争模式等,这些影响与相对论磁控管起振工作频率相联系,从而直接造成了相对论磁控管的基本性能参数,如脉宽、工作频率及输出功率等变化。结合具体实验,对比了有、无预脉冲条件下相对论磁控管工作性能的差异,对预脉冲的影响因素与相对论磁控管性能之间的联系进行了详细的分析。     

柱几何Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的数值模拟

给出了柱几何中流体力学方程组及其在数值模拟中采用的计算方法。对二维柱几何Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性进行数值模拟,在线性阶段与线性理论符合得很好;不稳定性增长进入非线性区域的阈值依赖于界面的位置,并且明显不同于平面情况。     

Dislocation density crystalline plasticity modeling of lath martensitic microstructures in steel alloys

A three-dimensional multiple-slip dislocation density-based crystalline formulation, specialized finite-element formulations and Voronoi tessellations adapted to martensitic orientations were used to investigate large strain inelastic deformation modes and dislocation density evolution in martensitic microstructures. The formulation is based on accounting for variant morphologies and orientations, retained austenite and initial dislocation densities that are uniquely inherent to martensitic microstructures. The effects of parent austenite orientation and retained austenite were also investigated for heterogeneous fcc/bcc crystalline structures. Furthermore, the formulation was used to investigate microstructures mapped directly from SEM/EBSD images of martensitic steel alloys. The analysis indicates that variant morphology and orientations have a direct effect on dislocation density accumulation and inelastic localization in martensitic microstructures, and that lath directions, orientations and arrangements are critical characteristics of high strength martensitic deformation and behavior.     

Synthesis of a benzoxazine with precisely two phenolic OH linkages and the properties of its high‐performance copolymers

A phenolic OH‐containing benzoxazine ( F‐ap ), which cannot be directly synthesized from the condensation of bisphenol F, aminophenol, and formaldehyde by traditional procedures, has been successfully prepared in our alternative synthetic approach. F‐ap was prepared by three steps including (a) condensation of 4‐aminophenol and 5,5'‐methylenebis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) (1) , (b) reduction of the resulting imine linkage by sodium borohydride, and (c) ring closure condensation by formaldehyde. The key starting material, (1) , was prepared from 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and s‐trioxane in the presence of sulfuric acid. F‐ap is structurally similar to bis(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐3‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxazinyl)methane ( F‐a, a commercial benzoxazine based on bisphenol F/aniline/formaldehyde) except for two phenolic OHs. The phenolic OHs can provide reaction sites with epoxy and 1,1'‐(methylenedi‐p‐phenylene)bismaleimide (BMI). The structure–property relationships between the thermosets of F‐ap /epoxy, F‐a /epoxy, F‐ap /BMI, and F‐a /BMI were discussed. Experimental data showed that thermosets based on F‐ap /epoxy and F‐ap /BMI provided much better thermal properties than those based on F‐a /epoxy and F‐a /BMI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2686–2694     

新型热作模具钢CH95的高温力学和抗磨性能研究

对比研究了CH95钢与H11钢的高温力学及抗磨性能,分析了2种模具钢的组成和微结构对其高温力学性能和抗磨性能的影响,采用透射电子显微镜观察分析了CH95钢试样中碳化物的形貌．结果表明：CH95钢与H11钢相比具有优异的高温力学性能;其优异的高温力学性能和抗磨性能归因于其特定的微观结构;CH95钢中细小且呈弥散分布的MC、M2C强化相的含量较高,使得其在高温下仍可保持优良的力学性能和抗磨性能;稀土可加速CH95钢表面致密氧化物层的形成,提高其强度、韧性、耐磨性和抗剥离能力;而经离子氮化处理后形成的细小且呈弥散分布的合金氮化物亦可起弥散强化作用,从而使得CH95钢在高温高载荷下的抗磨性能明显优于H11钢．     

高负载环境下基于Linux系统的防火墙软中断性能改善研究

当网络负载增大到一定程度后,基于Linux防火墙的数据转发性能开始下降。最常见的瓶颈是系统软中断在单一CPU上耗用达到100％。本文对这一问题进行了分析并提出了一种易于实现且性能改善明显的解决方案。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定生物质乳酸发酵液中有机酸及糖类化合物

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定生物质乳酸发酵液中有机酸及糖类的分析方法。使用Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-87H色谱柱,以5 mmol/L的H2SO4为流动相,在柱温55 ℃,流速0.6 mL/min条件下,采用示差折光检测器进行检测。结果表明,该方法可在17 min内实现发酵液中各种有机酸和糖类化合物等的完全分离与定量,6种有机酸和3种糖类化合物在0.15～5.19 g/L范围内的线性关系良好,回归方程的线性相关系数在0.9998以上。将该法用于米根霉发酵液的检测,两个水平的加标回收率为96.91%～103.11%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.81%～4.61%。该法适用于微生物发酵液中多种有机酸和糖类的快速、高效分离和定量测定。