热处理对TaN薄膜电性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法在Al2O3陶瓷基片上制备了TaN薄膜,研究了热处理温度和时间对TaN薄膜的方阻(R□)及电阻温度系数(TCR)的影响。研究发现,在热处理时间为2h的条件下,热处理温度在200℃到600℃变化时,R□从12?/□增加到24?/□,TCR从15×10-6/℃下降到-80×10-6/℃;在热处理温度为300℃的条件下,热处理时间对R□及TCR影响较小,随着热处理时间的增长,R□及TCR略有变化。     

Cr_2O_3掺杂对钡硼硅微晶玻璃的性能影响

采用固相合成法制备了高膨胀系数钡硼硅微晶玻璃材料。通过对该微晶玻璃进行X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试分析研究铬掺杂对BaO-B2O3-SiO2力、热、电性能及微观机理的影响。结果显示,热膨胀系数与介电损耗随Cr2O3含量增加而增大,研究表明,加入Cr2O3会促进该体系晶粒的生长,并促使晶相由石英晶相转变为方石英晶相,方石英热膨胀系数较高,其晶相含量增多导致热膨胀系数增大。该体系Cr2O3质量分数为0.5%时,制备出具有较高热膨胀系数(18.44×10-6/℃),较高抗弯强度(187 MPa),较低相对介电常数(5.5)的封装材料。     

凝固超声处理对Al/Zn-3Al/Cu钎焊接头显微形貌及性能的影响

主要研究了Al/Zn-3Al/Cu钎焊接头在凝固过程中实施超声处理时其钎缝层显微结构和性能的演变。研究结果表明,在未经凝固超声处理的钎焊接头中,钎缝层呈现出一种各向异性的显微结构;然而,在经过凝固超声处理的钎焊接头中,钎缝层有着均匀的显微结构,其由一种等轴的花瓣状Cu Zn5/Al复合物以及弥散其间的细小α-Al晶粒和Zn-Al共晶组织组成。性能测试结果表明,与未经凝固超声处理的钎焊接头相比,经过凝固超声处理的接头钎缝层的硬度增加了26.2%,热膨胀系数降低了38%。     

金属膜对单介质板太赫兹波导传输特性的影响

理论分析了对称金属薄膜镀层对厚单介质板太赫兹波导TM模传输特性的影响,发现镀膜前后TM模损耗相差巨大,并且随太赫兹频率的增加TM模损耗差异会更大。对低损耗厚单介质板,金属膜对TM模损耗的影响不可忽视。进一步研究了镀膜对TM模模场分布的影响,发现镀膜前后厚单介质板内TM模模场分布显著不同。     

功率器件热阻的测量研究分析

文章以功率器件M0sFET为例,通过电学测量方法主要研究了器件对于散热能力考量的参数热阻——Rthja和Rthjc,即器件两种不同散热方式的能力。此外还针对在热阻的测试过程中加热信号的不同方式以及周围环境中空气的流速对于热阻测试的影响进行了研究和比较。研究了在同一封装形式中,不同芯片尺寸对于热阻的影响,通过实验得到芯片...     

Optimisation of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of betalains and polyphenols from Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. Nutrisol

The present study optimised the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. Nutrisol. Influence of temperature (25.86–54.14 °C) and ultrasonic power densities (UPD) (76.01–273.99 mW/mL) on total betalains (BT), betacyanins (BC), betaxanthins (BX), total polyphenols (TP), antioxidant activity (AA), colour parameters (L*, a*, and b*), amaranthine (A), and isoamaranthine (IA) were evaluated using response surface methodology. Moreover, betalain extraction kinetics and mass transfer coefficients (K_La) were determined for each experimental condition. BT, BC, BX, TP, AA, b*, K_La, and A were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by temperature extraction and UPD, whereas L*, a*, and IA were only affected (p < 0.05) by temperature. All response models were significantly validated with regression coefficients (R²) ranging from 87.46 to 99.29%. BT, A, IA, and K_La in UAE were 1.38, 1.65, 1.50, and 29.93 times higher than determined using conventional extraction, respectively. Optimal UAE conditions were obtained at 41.80 °C and 188.84 mW/mL using the desired function methodology. Under these conditions, the experimental values for BC, BX, BT, TP, AA, L*, a*, b*, K_La, A, and IA were closely related to the predicted values, indicating the suitability of the developed quadratic models. This study proposes a simple and efficient UAE method to obtain betalains and polyphenols with high antioxidant activity, which can be used in several applications within the food industry.     

Nonlinearity in inverse and transverse piezoelectric properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 film actuators under AC and DC applied voltages

The motion of domain walls is a crucial factor in piezoelectric properties and is usually related to the irreversible and hysteretic behaviors. Herein, we report on the investigation of inverse and transverse piezoelectric coefficients of capacitor-based and microcantilever-based Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ films with a change in the DC bias and the AC applied voltage. A large inverse piezoelectric strain coefficient of about 350 p.m./V, and a low strain hysteresis of about 7.1%, are achieved in the film capacitors under a low applied voltage of 2 V (20 kV/cm) which can benefit the actuators for motion control in high-precision systems. The field-dependences of the transverse piezoelectric coefficients, obtained from four-point bending and microcantilever displacement, are in good agreement with each other. The results also reveal that the irreversible domain-wall motion is attributed to the nonlinearity in the field-dependent piezoelectric strain and cantilever displacement.     

Inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient in inhomogeneous plasma with nonextensive electron velocity distribution and Tsallis exponential electron density profile

Inverse bremsstrahlung (collisional) absorption of the laser beam is studied in plasma with a generalized (q-nonextensive) electron velocity distribution and some kind of generalized electron density profile. It is shown that for some values of parameters designating the q-nonextensive electron velocity distribution function and its generalized density profile, the calculated absorption coefficient reduces to the already known cases with Maxwellian velocity distribution with linear and exponential density profiles.     

Modeling and Performance Optimization of an Irreversible Two-Stage Combined Thermal Brownian Heat Engine

Based on finite time thermodynamics, an irreversible combined thermal Brownian heat engine model is established in this paper. The model consists of two thermal Brownian heat engines which are operating in tandem with thermal contact with three heat reservoirs. The rates of heat transfer are finite between the heat engine and the reservoir. Considering the heat leakage and the losses caused by kinetic energy change of particles, the formulas of steady current, power output and efficiency are derived. The power output and efficiency of combined heat engine are smaller than that of single heat engine operating between reservoirs with same temperatures. When the potential filed is free from external load, the effects of asymmetry of the potential, barrier height and heat leakage on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. When the potential field is free from external load, the effects of basic design parameters on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. The optimal power and efficiency are obtained by optimizing the barrier heights of two heat engines. The optimal working regions are obtained. There is optimal temperature ratio which maximize the overall power output or efficiency. When the potential filed is subjected to external load, effect of external load is analyzed. The steady current decreases versus external load; the power output and efficiency are monotonically increasing versus external load.     

The Intensity of Heat Exchange between Rock and Flowing Gas in Terms of Gas-Geodynamic Phenomena

Gas-induced geodynamic phenomena can occur during underground mining operations if the porous structure of the rock is filled with gas at high pressure. In such cases, the original compact rock structure disintegrates into grains of small dimensions, which are then transported along the mine working space. Such geodynamic events, particularly outbursts of gas and rock, pose a danger both to the life of miners and to the functioning of the mine infrastructure. These incidents are rare in copper ore mining, but they have recently begun to occur, and have not yet been fully investigated. To ensure the safety of mining operations, it is necessary to determine parameters of the rock–gas system for which the energy of the gas will be smaller than the work required to disintegrate and transport the rock. Such a comparison is referred to as an energy balance and serves as a starting point for all engineering analyses. During mining operations, the equilibrium of the rock–gas system is disturbed, and the rapid destruction of the rock is initiated together with sudden decompression of the gas contained in its porous structure. The disintegrated rock is then transported along the mine working space in a stream of released gas. Estimation of the energy of the gas requires investigation of the type of thermodynamic transformation involved in the process. In this case, adiabatic transformation would mean that the gas, cooled in the course of decompression, remains at a temperature significantly lower than that of the surrounding rocks throughout the process. However, if we assume that the transformation is isothermal, then the cooled gas will heat up to the original temperature of the rock in a very short time (<1 s). Because the quantity of energy in the case of isothermal transformation is almost three times as high as in the adiabatic case, obtaining the correct energy balance for gas-induced geodynamic phenomena requires detailed analysis of this question. For this purpose, a unique experimental study was carried out to determine the time required for heat exchange in conditions of very rapid flows of gas around rock grains of different sizes. Numerical simulations reproducing the experiments were also designed. The results of the experiment and the simulation were in good agreement, indicating a very fast rate of heat exchange. Taking account of the parameters of the experiment, the thermodynamic transformation may be considered to be close to isothermal.