Logging damage and injured tree mortality in tropical forest management

Using insights from the forest ecology literature, we analyze the effect of injured trees on stand composition and carbon stored in above‐ground biomass and the implications for forest management decisions. Results from a Faustmann model with data for a tropical forest on Kalimantan show that up to 50% of the basal area of the stand before harvest can consist of injured trees. Considering injured trees leads to an increase in the amount of carbon in above‐ground biomass of up to 165%. These effects are larger under reduced impact logging than under conventional logging. The effects on land expectation value and cutting cycle are relatively small. The results suggest that considering injured trees in models for tropical forest management is important for the correct assessment of the potential of financial programs to store carbon and conserve forest ecosystem services in managed tropical forests, such as reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and payment for ecosystem services. Recommendations for Resource Managers

• Considering the role of injured trees is important for managing tropical forests
• These trees can cover up to 50% of basal area and contain more than 50% of the carbon stored in above‐ground biomass
• Reduced impact logging leads to a larger basal area of injured trees and more carbon stored in injured trees than conventional logging
• Injured trees play an important role when assessing the potential for carbon storage in the context of payment for forest ecosystem services.

     

Geometrically distinct solutions for Klein–Gordon–Maxwell systems with super-linear nonlinearities

This paper is concerned with the following Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system $\left\{\begin{array}{c}-△u+V\left(x\right)u-(2\omega +\varphi )\varphi u=f(x,u),x\in {\mathbb{R}}^3,\hfill \\ △\varphi =(\omega +\varphi )u^2,x\in {\mathbb{R}}^3,\hfill \end{array}\right.$where $\omega >0$ is a constant, $V$ and $f$ are periodic with respect to $x$. By combining deformation type arguments, Lusternik–Schnirelmann theory and some new tricks, we prove that the above system admits infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions under weaker superlinear conditions instead of the common super-cubic conditions on $f$. Our result seems new and extends the previous results in the literature.     

An improved generalized predictive control algorithm based on the difference equation CARIMA model for the SISO system with known strong interference

ABSTRACT

The single input single output (SISO) system with known strong interference is widely used in various occasions. Due to its strong interference, the control accuracy is hard to guarantee. To solve this problem, an improved generalized predictive control (IGPC) algorithm is developed. The IGPC firstly builds the difference equation CARIMA (Controlled Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving-Average) model of the SISO system and then treats the system as a two input single output (TISO) system and calculates its predictive vector, then transforms it into a SISO system and uses the TISO system predictive vector to calculate the SISO system control increment. A new parameter called phase coefficient is added to inhibit the control lag. Simulations are performed to make the comparison among the traditional GPC, PID control, velocity synchronization control (VSC), fuzzy adaptive PID control (FAPID), model-based robust PID control (BPID) and the IGPC. Results show that IGPC has best performance compared to the others. Finally, experiments are developed which proved that the IGPC algorithm has a higher accuracy in the SISO system with known strong interference than that of VSC.     

Anti‐Pasch optimal packings with triples

It is shown that for , there exists an optimal packing with triples on points that contains no Pasch configurations. Furthermore, for all (mod 6), there exists a pairwise balanced design of order , whose blocks are all triples apart from a single quintuple, and that has no Pasch configurations amongst its triples.     

Simultaneous quantification of ondansetron and tariquidar in rat and human plasma using a high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet method

Ondansetron, a widely used antiemetic agent, is a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate and therefore expression of P‐gp at the blood–brain barrier limits its distribution to the central nervous system (CNS), which was observed to be reversed by coadministration with P‐gp inhibitors. Tariquidar is a potent and selective third‐generation P‐gp inhibitor, and coadministration with ondansetron has shown improved ondansetron distribution to the CNS. There is currently no reported bioanalytical method for simultaneously quantifying ondansetron with a third‐generation P‐gp inhibitor. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a method for ondansetron and tariquidar in rat and human plasma samples. A full validation was performed for both ondansetron and tariquidar, and sample stability was tested under various storage conditions. To demonstrate its utility, the method was applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study following coadministration of ondansetron and tariquidar in rats. The presented method will be valuable in pharmacokinetic studies of ondansetron and tariquidar in which simultaneous determination may be required. In addition, this is the first report of a bioanalytical method validated for quantification of tariquidar in plasma samples.     

Design,simulation, and implementation of an integrated,hybrid photocurrent-to-digital converter in CMOS technology

This article presents a design, modeling, simulation, and measurements of a hybrid photocurrent-to-digital converter integrated together with photo-diodes in a 130 nm CMOS process, without any additional process steps. Photo-currents of integrated photo-diodes with different responsivities to different wavelength of the light and light intensity are converted into 22-bits digital results in 2 ms. The results can then be converted into CIE XYZ or RGB color luminosity space using dedicated DSP algorithm. A high resolution, hybrid, ADC converts light induced photo-currents into 22-bit digital results, canceling the dark current of the photodiodes and 1/f noise and offset voltage of the input stage of the modulator. The whole converter consumes on average less than current at supply voltage at 10 conversions per second. It occupies approx. 0.8 mm² of silicon area, including the three photodiodes, a multiplexer, and the ΣΔ modulator.     

Generic applications of 13C‐detected NMR diffusion to formulated systems with suppression of thermal convection induced by proton decoupling

Fast and effective structural/compositional analysis on formulated systems represents one of the major challenges encountered in analytical science. ¹³C‐detected diffusion represents a promising tool to tackle the aforementioned challenges, particularly in industry. Toward exploring the generic applications of ¹³C‐detected diffusion, thermal convection induced by ¹H decoupling has been identified as a key factor that resulted in significantly reduced resolution in the diffusion dimension. Optimization of experimental parameters and utilization of double‐stimulated echo‐based pulse sequence both can effectively suppress the thermal convection caused by the ¹H decoupling, the success of which allows robust and generic applications of ¹³C‐detected diffusion to systems from mixtures of small molecules, polymer blends, and copolymers to actual complex formulated systems. The method is particularly powerful in differentiating small molecules from polymers, polymer blends from copolymers, and end‐group analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An evaluation method for measuring SPL and mode shape of tire cavity resonance by using multi-microphone system

This paper presents an evaluation method for measuring the sound pressure level and mode shapes of tire cavity resonance by using a multi-microphone system. Two commercial tires were evaluated to compare abilities of noise suppression by means of this method in the range of the first resonance from 200 to 260 Hz. One tire was a special tire that suppresses tire cavity resonance with polyurethane foam mounted on the tire’s inner liner. The other tire was a normal tire with no polyurethane foam. The mode shape change from vertical to horizontal direction in both tires. However, the sound pressure level of the special tire was lower than the normal tire at all frequencies.     

高分子物理课程知识体系的构建革新

高分子物理是高分子材料相关专业的专业基础课,内容丰富,章节间关系复杂,课程主线往往不容易把握。本文从运动对高聚物性质(性能)的决定性作用角度,提出了构建高分子物理课程知识体系的观点:在高分子结构部分,充实原子、键等部分作用的论述,完善高分子结构划分的层次;明确高分子不同结构层次都具有运动与变化能力的认知,重点突出不同高分子结构运动、变化的特征和规律;根据根据每一个结构层次运动特征,综合理解结构、结构的变化对高分子性能的影响。     

汽轮发电机组润滑油系统的故障诊断及分析

润滑油系统是汽轮发电机组中非常重要的辅助系统，该辅助系统的安全性直接关系到整个发电机组的工作效率和运行可靠性。润滑油系统在汽轮机中起到润滑、散热、减振的作用，因此，做好汽轮发电机组润滑油系统的故障诊断和分析工作至关重要。