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用电化学还原法在炭布上电沉积铂-氢钨青铜复合催化剂作为质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)阳极。 利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、单电池极化性能测试以及电化学阻抗谱(EIS)法研究了催化剂的组成、分散性及其对氢氧化的电催化性能。 实验结果表明,阴极还原顺序对催化剂的形貌及分散有较大的影响。 采用分步还原法制备的HxWO3/Pt电极(先沉积铂,后沉积氢钨青铜)对氢氧化具有较高的催化活性,氢钨青铜与铂形成协同催化效应,提高了铂对氢氧化的催化活性。 而共沉积制备的Pt-HxWO3催化剂的电催化活性较差,这是因为共沉积过程中,由于受到2种电解液共存的影响,电极催化层中没有或较少得到氢钨青铜,且铂催化剂出现明显的团聚现象。 相似文献
995.
同步脱氮除硫工艺以硝态氮作为电子受体,硫化物作为电子供体,通过以废治废,去除氮硫污染物。本文构建了双室型微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC),将同步脱氮除硫工艺与MFC相结合,在处理废水的同时生产电能。与化学对照组相比,该同步脱氮除硫MFC具有高基质去除性能和产电性能。当进水硝态氮和硫化物的浓度分别为95.54和540 mg·L-1,反应时间为20 h时,硝态氮和硫化物的去除率分别高达96.50%和99.64%;最大电流密度达457.20 mA·m-2,稳定电流密度为30.33 mA·m-2。通过循环伏安法、极化曲线法和电化学阻抗分析,探究了同步脱氮除硫MFC的电化学特性。结果表明,在同步脱氮除硫MFC电极上,同步发生了脱氮除硫反应,该MFC最大功率密度为75.70 mW·m-3,内阻约为2 474 Ω,其对同步脱氮除硫MFC电化学性能具有制约作用。 相似文献
996.
Shubin Yang Linjie Zhi Kun Tang Xinliang Feng Joachim Maier Klaus Müllen 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(17):3634-3640
Heteroatom (N or S)‐doped graphene with high surface area is successfully synthesized via thermal reaction between graphene oxide and guest gases (NH3 or H2S) on the basis of ultrathin graphene oxide‐porous silica sheets at high temperatures. It is found that both N and S‐doping can occur at annealing temperatures from 500 to 1000 °C to form the different binding configurations at the edges or on the planes of the graphene, such as pyridinic‐N, pyrrolic‐N, and graphitic‐N for N‐doped graphene, thiophene‐like S, and oxidized S for S‐doped graphene. Moreover, the resulting N and S‐doped graphene sheets exhibit good electrocatalytic activity, long durability, and high selectivity when they are employed as metal‐free catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. This approach may provide an efficient platform for the synthesis of a series of heteroatom‐doped graphenes for different applications. 相似文献
997.
Hsin‐Chih Huang Indrajit Shown Sun‐Tang Chang Hsin‐Cheng Hsu He‐Yun Du Ming‐Cheng Kuo Ken‐Tsung Wong Sea‐Fu Wang Chen‐Hao Wang Li‐Chyong Chen Kuei‐Hsien Chen 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(16):3500-3508
Non‐precious metal catalysts of the oxygen reduction reaction are highly favored for use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) because of their relatively low cost. Here, a new carbon‐black‐supported pyrolyzed Co‐corrole (py‐Co‐corrole/C) catalyst of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a PEFC cathode is demonstrated to have high catalytic performance. The py‐Co‐corrole/C at 700 °C exhibits optimized ORR activity and participates in a direct four‐electron reduction pathway for the reduction of O2 to H2O. The H2‐O2 PEFC test of py‐Co‐corrole/C in the cathode reveals a maximum power density of 275 mW cm?2, which yields a higher performance and a lower Co loading than previous studies of Co‐based catalysts for PEFCs. The enhancement of the ORR activity of py‐Co‐corrole/C is attributable to the four‐coordinated Co‐corrole structure and the oxidation state of the central cobalt. 相似文献
998.
Lian Ying Zhang Dr. Chun Xian Guo Dr. Zhiming Cui Dr. Jun Guo Prof. Zhili Dong Prof. Chang Ming Li 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(49):15693-15698
Unique DNA‐promoted Pd nanocrystals on carbon nanotubes (Pd/DNA–CNTs) are synthesized for the first time, in which through its regularly arranged PO43? groups on the sugar–phosphate backbone, DNA directs the growth of ultrasmall Pd nanocrytals with an average size of 3.4 nm uniformly distributed on CNTs. The Pd/DNA–CNT catalyst shows much more efficient electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a much more positive onset potential, higher catalytic current density and better stability than other Pd‐based catalysts including Pd nanocrystals on carbon nanotubes (Pd/CNTs) without the use of DNA and commercial Pd/C catalyst. In addition, the Pd/DNA–CNTs catalyst provides high methanol tolerance. The high electrocatalytic performance is mainly contributed by the ultrasmall Pd nanocrystal particles grown directed by DNA to enhance the mass transport rate and to improve the utilization of the Pd catalyst. This work may demonstrate a universal approach to fabricate other superior metal nanocrystal catalysts with DNA promotion for broad applications in energy systems and sensing devices. 相似文献
999.
Ivaylo Dimitrov Shogo Takamuku Katja Jankova Patric Jannasch Sren Hvilsted 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2012,33(16):1368-1374
A multi‐step synthetic strategy to polysulfone (PSU) grafted with phosphonated poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PFS) is developed. It involves controlled radical polymerization resulting in alkyne‐end functional PFS. The next step is the modification of PSU with a number of azide side groups. The grafting of PFS onto PSU backbone is performed via the “click”‐chemistry approach. In a final step, the PFS‐grafts are subjected to the post phosphonation. The copolymers are evaluated as membranes for potential fuel cell applications through thermal analyses, water uptake, and conductivity measurements. The proposed synthetic route opens the possibility to tune copolymers’ hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance to obtain membranes with an optimal balance between proton conductivity and mechanical properties. 相似文献
1000.
A series of sulfonated copolyimides containing pyrimidine groups (SPIs) were synthesized by random copolymerization of 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminopyrimidine (PAPRM), and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (ODADS). Proton exchange treatment in 1.0 M sulfuric acid solution resulted in ionic cross‐linking of the sulfonated copolymers due to the acid (sulfonic acid)‐base (pyrimidine group) interactions and the membrane with more basic PAPRM moiety could absorb sulfuric acid to favor the proton transfer. The effects of the structure of the diamines on the properties of SPI membranes were evaluated by studying the membrane parameters including water uptake, proton conductivity, water stability, and methanol permeability. The basic pyrimidine groups introduced in the main chains could effectively resist membrane swelling due to the strong interchain interactions through basic pyrimidine groups and sulfonic acid groups. Compared with the corresponding uncross‐linked copolyimides (NTDA/ODADS/ODA), the acid–base copolyimides displayed excellent water stability. The SPI membranes also exhibited improved mechanical properties and decreased methanol permeability. However, the cross‐linked membranes showed lowered proton conductivities than the uncross‐linked ones because a small part of the sulfonic acid groups had been consumed during the cross‐linking process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献