Sodium-based dual-ion batteries via coupling high-capacity selenium/graphene anode with high-voltage graphite cathode

Dual ion batteries(DIBs) exhibit broad application prospects in the field of electrical energy storage(EES)devices with excellent properties,such as high voltage,high energy density,and low cost.In the graphitebased DIBs,high voltage is needed to store enough anions with the formation of anion intercalation compound XC_n(X=AlCl₄^-,PF₆^-,TFSI^-,etc.).Hence,it is difficult for graphite-based DIBs to match proper anodes and electrolytes....     

An aqueous zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor for achieving ultrahigh-volumetric energy density

Zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitors are regarded as promising safe energy storage systems. However, the relatively low volumetric energy density has become the main bottlenecks in practical applications of portable electronic devices. In this work, the zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor with high volumetric energy density and superb cycle stability had been constructed which employing the high-density three-dimensional graphene hydrogel as cathode and Zn foil used as anode in 1 mol/L ZnSO₄ electrolyte. Benefiting from the abundant ion transport paths and the abundant active sites for graphene hydrogel with high density and porous structure, the zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor exhibited an extremely high volumetric energy density of 118.42 Wh/L and a superb power density of 24.00 kW/L, as well as an excellent long cycle life (80% retention after 30,000 cycles at 10 A/g), which was superior to the volumetric energy density of the reported zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitors. This device, based on the fast ion adsorption/desorption on the capacitor-type graphene cathode and reversible Zn²⁺ plating/stripping on the battery-type Zn anode, which will inspire the development of zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor in miniaturized devices.     

Nanoporous Graphene Enriched with Fe/Co‐N Active Sites as a Promising Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Here, a simple but efficient way is demonstrated for the preparation of nanoporous graphene enriched with Fe/Co–nitrogen‐doped active sites (Fe/Co‐NpGr) as a potential electrocatalyst for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) applications. Once graphene is converted into porous graphene (pGr) by a controlled oxidative etching process, pGr can be converted into a potential electrocatalyst for ORR by utilizing the created edge sites of pGr for doping nitrogen and subsequently to utilize the doped nitrogens to build Fe/Co coordinated centers (Fe/Co‐NpGr). The structural information elucidated using both XPS and TOF‐SIMS study indicates the presence of coordination of the M–N (M = Fe and Co)‐doped carbon active sites. Creation of this bimetallic coordination assisted by the nitrogen locked at the pore openings is found to be helping the system to substantially reduce the overpotential for ORR. A 30 mV difference in the overpotential (η) with respect to the standard Pt/C catalyst and high retention in half wave potential after 10 000 cycles in ORR can be attained. A single cell of an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) by using Fe/Co‐NpGr as the cathode delivers a maximum power density of ≈35 mWcm^?2 compared to 60 mWcm^?2 displayed by the Pt‐based system.     

Ti-O共掺杂石墨烯的电子结构和光学性质的理论研究

本文利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了本征石墨烯和不同掺杂浓度下Ti-O共掺杂石墨烯的电子结构和光学性质,并讨论了其内部的微观机制.研究结果表明:本征石墨烯是一种零带隙材料,狄拉克点在费米能级面上,其在紫外光区的光吸收强度较强.Ti-O共掺杂石墨烯可以很好的打开石墨烯的带隙和提高石墨烯的光催化强度,Ti18-O18@G模型费米能级附近的态密度主要由C-p轨道、Ti-d轨道和O-p轨道杂化而成.Ti18-O18@G模型在可见光区的吸收谱强度最大,主要归因于其内部晶格畸变、带隙被打开和杂质能带的出现,这些因素可以促进电子空穴对的产生和分离,从而使石墨烯在可见光区的光催化能力得到增强.本研究结果可为开发高催化活性的石墨烯提供理论依据.     

Single atom catalytic oxidation mechanism of formaldehyde on Al doped graphene at room temperature

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one kind of common indoor toxic pollutant, the catalytic oxidation degradation of formaldehyde at room temperature is desired. In this work, a new single atomic catalyst (SAC), Al doped graphene, for the catalytic oxidation of HCHO molecules was proposed through density function theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that Al atoms can be adsorbed on graphene stably without aggression. Then HCHO can be effectively oxidized into CO₂ and H₂O in the presence of O₂ molecules on Al doped graphene with a low energy barrier of 0.82 eV and releasing energy of 2.29 eV with the pathway of HCHO → HCOOH → CO → CO₂. The oxidation reaction can happen promptly with reaction time τ = 56.9 s at the speed control step at room temperature. Therefore, this work proposed a high-performance catalyst Al-doped graphene without any noble metal for HCHO oxidation at ambient temperature, and corresponding oxidation pathway and mechanism are also deeply understood.     

Effect of oxidation of graphene nanoribbons on electronic and magnetic properties

The electronic properties, band gap and ionization potential as well as the energies of the singlet and triplet states of zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons are calculated as a function of the number of oxygen atoms on the ribbon employing density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G* level. The calculated band gaps indicate that both structures are semiconducting. The band gap of the armchair ribbons initially decreases followed by an increase with oxygen number. For zigzag ribbons the band gap decreases with increasing oxygen number whereas the ionization potential increases with oxygen content. In both armchair and zigzag ribbons the ionization potential shows a gradual increase with the number of oxygen atoms. Some of the oxygenated ribbons calculated have triplet ground states and have the density of states at the Fermi level for spin down greater than spin up suggesting the possibility they may be ferromagnetic semiconductors.     

氧化石墨烯对聚乙烯醇/硼酸水凝胶流变性能的影响

研究了氧化石墨烯(GO)对聚乙烯醇(PVA)/硼酸(borate)水凝胶线性及非线性流变性能的影响。 通过扫描电子显微镜、硼谱核磁共振波谱以及流变研究了水凝胶的流变性能。 结果表明,GO质量浓度在稀溶液区时,GO片层与PVA链间通过硼酸根离子形成了具有弹性活性的缔合点,有效地提高了水凝胶的平台模量、松弛时间和零切粘度;当GO进一步增加到亚浓溶液区,部分的交联剂被GO的团聚体捕获并处于非弹性活性的缔合状态,处于有效缔合状态的交联剂变少,导致平台模量、松弛时间和零切粘度降低。 稳态剪切测试下,样品在剪切增稠区的粘度增加随着GO添加量的增加明显加强,这与剪切场下取向的氧化石墨烯片层参与网络结构的重排有关。     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Modified Graphene/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based on both modified/unmodified graphene and polypyrrole, were investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitor application. All the nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ oxidative polymerization method using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The amine functionalization of Graphene was confirmed by FTIR and X-ray Photo Electron Spectroscopy (XPS). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis were performed to study the morphology of the nanocomposites. The maximum capacitance value was found as 240 F/g for unmodified graphene based composite. Though the capacitance value was found to be lower for modified graphene based composite, the cyclic stability was found to be higher as compared to unmodified graphene/polypyrrole nanocomposite.     

牺牲模板法制备空心结构钯纳米粒子/石墨烯复合体及其甲酸电氧化性能研究

通过PdCl₄^2-与Co之间发生简单的置换反应,在表面活性剂PVP的作用下,成功地制备出由3nm的Pd纳米粒子组成的空心结构Pd纳米球结构,将其命名为Pd-NS。随后,以石墨烯（GN）作为载体,将Pd-NS负载在GN的表面制备了Pd-NS/GN催化剂。在甲酸电氧化催化反应中,Pd-NS/GN催化剂表现出较大的电化学比表面积、良好的电催化性能以及较高的稳定性。     

原位氮掺杂石墨烯修饰电极同时检测苯二酚3种异构体

利用多巴胺的聚合及还原特性,制备聚多巴胺包覆还原氧化石墨烯,在氮气保护下煅烧,制得氮原位掺杂石墨烯(C/N-Graphene)。应用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱表征该复合物的形貌和结构。应用滴涂及Nafion膜固定法制备C/N-Graphene修饰玻碳电极(C/N-Graphene/GCE)。该修饰电极对苯二酚3种异构体的氧化反应表现出优异的电催化性能和选择性,差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)峰电流与对苯二酚(HQ)、邻苯二酚(CC)、间苯二酚(RC)的浓度呈良好的线性关系,其线性范围分别为0.5~1 000μmol/L、0.5~460μmol/L和0.1~580μmol/L,检出限分别为0.251μmol/L、0.144μmol/L和0.072μmol/L。该方法应用于药厂废水和江水检测,3种苯二酚异构体回收率为97.0%~103.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%(n=5),结果表明C/N-Graphene/GCE修饰电极适用于污染水样的快速检测。