排序方式: 共有19条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
13.
14.
Our serial studies from 1970s on chemical composition, structure determination and formation mechanism of gallstones were reviewed. The chemical component investigation of brown-pigment gallstone demonstrated that it consists of macromolecules such as proteins, glyco-proteins, polysaccharides, bilirubin polymers and pigment polymers, and biomolecules such as cholesterol, bile salts, calcium salts of carbonate, phosphate, fatty acids and bilirubinate as well as various metal ions. The binding of metal ions with bile salts and bilirubin plays important roles in gallstone formation, i.e., calcium bilirubinate complex is the major constitute of brown-pigment gallstones, and copper bilirubinate complex is critical in the black color appearance of black-pigment gallstone. The cross section of many gallstones exhibits a concentric ring structure composed of various small particles with a fractal character. This is nonlinear phenomenon in gallstone formation. A typical model system of metal ions-deoxycholate (or cho 相似文献
15.
Animal biles and gallstones are popularly used in traditional Chinese medicines, and bile acids are their major bioactive constituents. Some of these medicines, like cow-bezoar, are very expensive, and may be adulterated or even replaced by less expensive but similar species. Due to poor ultraviolet absorbance and structural similarity of bile acids, effective technology for species differentiation and quality control of bile-based Chinese medicines is still lacking. In this study, a rapid and reliable method was established for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of 18 bile acids, including 6 free steroids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid) and their corresponding glycine conjugates and taurine conjugates, by using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This method was used to analyze six bile-based Chinese medicines: bear bile, cattle bile, pig bile, snake bile, cow-bezoar, and artificial cow-bezoar. Samples were separated on an Atlantis dC18 column and were eluted with methanol–acetonitrile–water containing ammonium acetate. The mass spectrometer was monitored in the negative electrospray ionization mode. Total ion currents of the samples were compared for species differentiation, and the contents of bile acids were determined by monitoring specific ion pairs in a selected reaction monitoring program. All 18 bile acids showed good linearity (r2 > 0.993) in a wide dynamic range of up to 2000-fold, using dehydrocholic acid as the internal standard. Different animal biles could be explicitly distinguished by their major characteristic bile acids: tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid for bear bile, glycocholic acid, cholic acid and taurocholic acid for cattle bile, glycohyodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid for pig bile, and taurocholic acid for snake bile. Furthermore, cattle bile, cow-bezoar, and artificial cow-bezoar could be differentiated by the existence of hyodeoxycholic acid and the ratio of cholic acid to deoxycholic acid. This study provided bile acid profiles of bile-based Chinese medicines for the first time, which could be used for their quality control. 相似文献
16.
牛磺胆酸钠对胆红素与钙离子相互作用形成沉淀过程的影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本工作选择牛磺胆酸钠作为人体内胆汁酸盐的代表研究其对胆色素结石的重要成分——胆红素钙沉淀过程的影响。结果表明,牛磺胆酸钠的存在使胆红素钙沉淀的条件溶度积大大提高,并使沉淀反应速度大大减慢。在牛磺胆酸钠浓度较高的情况下,沉淀过程出现诱导期,说明牛磺胆酸钠在一定条件下可以抑制胆红素钙沉淀的形成。沉淀的红外光谱表明,牛磺胆酸并未结合在沉淀中,也未影响沉淀中胆红素与钙离子间的相互作用的部位。沉淀的扫描电镜观察结果经统计学处理表明牛磺胆酸钠的存在使沉淀的颗粒变小,颗粒的聚集程度减小。 相似文献
17.
Jia -Fu Wang Ying -Zhang Lin Roger D. Soloway Jin -Guang Wu Guang -Xian Xu 《Mikrochimica acta》1988,94(1-6):53-55
In this investigation two calcium bilirubinates compounds, Ca(HBR)2·H2O and Ca(BR)·2H2O, were prepared. Their Fourier transform infrared spectra were measured in KBr discs and in fluorolube and nujol mulls, respectively. The results suggest that it is better to identify the Ca(HBR)2·H2O and Ca(BR)·2H2O with fluorolube and/or nujol mulls when examining mixtures (e.g. gallstone). 相似文献
18.
Ashok Kumar Pathak Rohit Kumar Vivek Kumar Singh Rahul Agrawal Shikha Rai Awadhesh Kumar Rai 《应用光谱学评论》2013,48(1):14-40
Abstract This review assesses the applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the analysis of a variety of samples, including biomaterials (teeth, nail, hair, gallstones, and kidney stones, etc.), food materials (fruits and vegetables, milk, salt, nutritional supplements, etc.), medicinal plants, industrial waste, liquid samples, etc. In addition, for the first time the identification of cholesterol and pigment stones was performed on the basis of atomic lines of different elements and molecular bands of C2 molecules present in the LIBS spectra of gallstones. Chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) was also applied to LIBS data for rapid identification/classification of different gallstone samples. LIBS analysis of toxic/heavy elements present in vegetables (spinach, tomato) and rice is also presented in this review. It was observed that vegetables grown near industrial areas are rich in several toxic metals like Pb and Cr. The wastewater samples from different industries were also analyzed by recording their spectra using a liquid jet. These results clearly demonstrate the ability of LIBS technique as an instant monitoring device to detect heavy metals present in liquid samples. Finally, this review shows that LIBS is a versatile analytical technique with unlimited applications. 相似文献
19.