碳纳米管场效应晶体管紧凑模型研究进展

随着摩尔定律逼近极限,碳纳米管场效应晶体管(CNTFET)被认为是5 nm以下CMOS晶体管的有力替代者。CNTFET具有准一维结构,栅极可有效控制导电沟道的导通/关断;同时,载流子在沟道内可实现近弹道输运,具有极高的迁移率。因此,CNTFET在低电压环境下,可提供较大的电流传输能力,为实现纳米级超大规模模拟/逻辑电路提供了解决方案。文章综述了CNTFET紧凑模型的发展现状,分析了现阶段面临的漏极电流精确模型、隧穿效应、寄生效应、多纳米管模型等存在的问题,重点探讨了针对这些问题的解决方案。最后对该紧凑模型未来的应用前景进行了讨论。     

基于微纳电离的有毒有害气体传感器

为了有效避免有害气体浓度的超标对经济效益和人类生命财产安全造成损害,提出并设计了一种新型检测方法,通过对微纳电离型传感器进行一系列的测试,设计的传感器展现了较强的抗弯能力及较快的响应-恢复能力。在室温常压、相对湿度75%的实验条件下,对多个浓度的苯、甲苯气体展开了测试,并基于特征噪声强度识别气体的浓度,构建了对应的识别模型。实验结果表明：传感器对有害气体检测时的测量值和真实值的拟合度可达99%以上,体现了较高的检测精度,且在检测有害气体时传感器处于可逆电离平衡状态,重复性良好,不需要进行预热、安全无毒,因此适合于应用到苯类气体的检测中,能够满足效率、精度的要求,具备了一定的实用性。     

低电平扫描电流高强辐射场试验方法研究

低电平扫描电流试验(LLSC)是飞机高强辐射场(HIRF)试验的一部分,其实质是在2~400 MHz 频段 内对飞机进行电磁辐照,以确定外部HIRF 环境与设备线束感应电流之间的传递函数。基于RTCA/ DO-160G 和SAE ARP5583A 标准建立HIRF 测试环境,通过对AC312E 直升机开展低电平扫描电流试验,得到了线束传递函数随频 率、天线极化方式、电磁辐照方向、线束布置的变化规律并分析了其影响机理。结果表明:发射天线以不同极化方式 辐照机体时,不同布置的线束其传递函数有一定差别;发射天线以垂直极化在0°方向辐照时,行李舱附近右发动机 控制单元(EECUR)线束的传递函数比位于驾驶舱的座舱显示器(MFD)线束的传递函数要小;发射天线以垂直极化 方式在不同方向辐照机体时,EECUR 线束在某些频段下在右侧90°方向辐照比左侧270°方向辐照的传递函数要大。 所得结论可为直升机适航符合性验证和低电平扫描电流试验的开展提供参考与支撑。     

Probing into Reverse Bias Dark Current in Perovskite Photodiodes: Critical Role of Surface Defects

Minimizing reverse bias dark current density (J_dark) while retaining high external quantum efficiency is crucial for promising applications of perovskite photodiodes, and it remains challenging to elucidate the ultimate origin of J_dark. It is demonstrated in this study that the surface defects induced by iodine vacancies are the main cause of J_dark in perovskite photodiodes. In a targeted way, the surface defects are thoroughly passivated through a simple treatment with butylamine hydroiodide to form ultrathin 2D perovskite on its 3D bulk. In the passivated perovskite photodiodes, J_dark as low as 3.78 × 10^-10 A cm^-2 at -0.1 V is achieved, and the photoresponse is also enhanced, especially at low light intensities. A combination of the two improvements realizes high specific detectivity up to 1.46 × 10¹² Jones in the devices. It is clarified that the trap states induced by the surface defects can not only raise the generation-recombination current density associated with the Shockley–Read–Hall mechanisms in the dark (increasing J_dark), but also provide additional carrier recombination paths under light illumination (decreasing photocurrent). The critical role of surface defects on J_dark of perovskite photodiodes suggests that making trap-free perovskite thin films, for example, by fine preparation and/or surface engineering, is a top priority for high-performance perovskite photodiodes.     

CuI Encapsulated within Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks with High Current Carrying Capacity and Excellent Conductivity

High current carrying capacity and high conductivity are two important indicators for materials used in microscale electronics and inverters. However, it is challenging to obtain high conductivity and high current carrying capacity at the same time since high conductivity requires a weakly bonded system to provide free electrons, while high current carrying capacity requires a strongly bonded system. In this paper, CuI@SWCNT networks by filling the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with CuI is ingeniously prepared. CuI@SWCNT shows good stability due to the confinement protection of SWCNTs. Through the host-guest hybridization, CuI@SWCNT networks exhibit a current carrying capacity of 2.04 × 10⁷ A cm⁻² and a conductivity of 31.67 kS m⁻¹. Their current carrying capacity and conductivity are significantly improved compared with SWCNT. The Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements show a drop of surface potential energy after SWCNT filled with CuI, indicating that the CuI guest molecules regulate the position of the Fermi level of SWCNTs, increasing carrier concentration, achieving high conductivity and high current carrying capacity. This study offers ideas and solutions for the regulation of high-performance carbon tube networks, which hold great promise for future applications in carbon-based electronic devices.     

An example of applications of the elementary catastrophe theory in Hamiltonian systems

The convection in atmosphere discussed in ref. [1] is rigorously treated by considering the variation of environmental temperature with the height. This represents an example of applications of the elementary catastrophe theory in Hamiltonian systems.     

Role of Hydrodynamic Conditions in the Distribution of Anodic Dissolution Rates in Cavity Etching Regions during Electrochemical Micromachining of Partially Insulated Surfaces

Experimental study of the distribution of local rates of electrochemical micromachining in the presence of photoresist masks in various hydrodynamic conditions (macroscopically nonuniform rotating disk electrode, sprayer flow, an electrode placed into a cell with chaotic bulk electrolyte mixing) shows that the maximum etching localization is achieved at the control of the dissolution rate by the mass transport rate (at achieving the anodic limiting current). The localization enhancement as compared to the primary current distribution takes place in the case of a turbulent flow at hydrodynamic conditions where the removal of dissolution products from the undercutting region is hindered. These conditions (electrochemical reaction limited by the ion mass transport rate, high resistance to the mass transport in the undercutting region) are necessary for the localization enhancement using a pulsed anodic–cathodic treatment.     

Resolving the copper interference effect on the stripping chronopotentiometric response of lead(II) obtained at bismuth film screen-printed electrode

As copper(II) is a common ion in a variety of analytical samples, its effect on the stripping response of lead(II) at bismuth film screen-printed carbon electrode (BFSPCE) was investigated. The study was conducted using a screen-printed three-electrode system (working, counter and reference electrodes), with the carbon-working electrode plated in situ with bismuth film. Copper present at significant concentration level in samples was found to affect the sensitivity of the electrode by reducing the constant current stripping chronopotentiometric (CCSCP) response of lead(II). Recovery of the lead stripping response at the BFSPCE in the presence of copper was obtained when 0.1 mM ferricyanide was added to the test solution. The ferricyanide added circumvents the detrimental effect of copper(II) by selectively masking the copper ions by forming a complex. The analytical utility of the procedure is illustrated by the stripping chronopotentiometric determinations of lead(II) in soil extracts.     

Differences in the electrorheological response of a particle suspension under direct current and alternating current electric fields

We have observed an unusual reduction of shear stress with increasing shear rate under direct current electric fields, for an electrorheological fluid composed of sulfonated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) particles dispersed in silicone oil. At all shear rates, the shear stress under the electric field is larger than that in the absence of the field, indicating that there is still some field-induced agglomeration of the particles. In contrast, the behavior under alternating current electric fields is the Bingham-fluid-type response commonly observed with electrorheological fluids. It is suggested that the conventional dipole–dipole interaction approach based on simplified microstructural models would be unable to explain these phenomena. Received: 27 November 2000 Accepted: 22 May 2001