Phonon energy inversion in graphene during transient thermal transport

This work reports on the phonon energy inversion in graphene nanoribbons: after initial localized thermal excitation, the energy of initial cold phonons (flexural mode: FM) becomes higher than that of local hot phonons (longitudinal and transverse modes: LM/TM). Such energy inversion holds for about 50 picoseconds. Two physical factors combine together to give rise of this phenomenon: one is the much faster heat conduction by FM phonons than that by LM/TM phonons, and the other factor is the strongly temperature-dependent energy exchange rate between FM and LM/TM phonons: 3.7×10¹⁰ s⁻¹$3.7\times {10}^{10}{\text{s}}^{-1}$ at 84 K to 20.3×10¹⁰ s⁻¹$20.3\times {10}^{10}{\text{s}}^{-1}$ at around 510 K.     

利用时域波形快速反演海底单参数的方法

海底单参数反演由于反演维数少, 较之多维反演具有实施简单快捷的优点. 首先定义小掠射角下反射损失随掠射角变化率F_dB为单个参数描述海底性质, 构建单参数反演模型; 其次, 从简正波与射线理论出发, 对时域脉冲波形与海底反射性质之间的关系进行了推导, 并讨论衰减机制; 最后, 基于该关系设计出利用最小二乘法对时域波形进行反演的方法. 对北黄海实验数据进行了实际反演, 通过海底采样验证反演结果对海底性质估计的正确性, 同时基于反演结果的传播损失预报值与实测值符合良好. 该方法实施仅需要单个水听器, 待测物理量少, 所获结果较为可靠, 且能满足大多数应用的需要. 关键词： 单参数 地声反演 浅海 海底反射损失     

Parallel full-bridge converter with wide ZVS and low freewheeling current

The main objective of this paper is to present a direct current to direct current topology with high circuit efficiency. In this studied circuit, two full-bridge circuits and a half-bridge circuit connected in parallel are introduced to achieve the advantages of low switching loss, less primary current, low conduction loss and low filter size compared to the traditional parallel full-bridge converters. The circuit diagram, operation principles, steady-state analysis and experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the studied topology. Finally, a 1.44-kW laboratory prototype is constructed to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis. Experimental results show that highest efficiency of 95.3% can be achieved.     

Design of efficient CMOS ring oscillator-based random number generator

Although studies have investigated the effects of flicker noise on randomness, such effects demand further examination. Despite the random nature of flicker noise, a coloured distribution is observed in the power spectral density of flicker noise, indicating to a correlation in between adjacent samples. Studies have employed ring oscillators (ROs) that produce random numbers by sampling the digitised analogue signals of their outputs. This sampling procedure may change the spectral properties of flicker noise resulting from the folding effect of noise. Another topic of interest regarding sampled flicker noise is its random behaviour. To investigate the contribution of flicker noise, white noise, and their combination to randomness, we produce synthetic bit streams of these noise sources. From observations, we find that flicker noise contributes to the entropy of bit streams. Using the generated synthetic bit streams, we also explore the entropy dependence of a bit stream on the sampling period and analyse and compare the entropy levels of the outputs of ROs operating in strong and weak inversion. Results of the comparison demonstrate that only one RO operating in weak inversion may be sufficient to attain the required entropy level for qualifying the generated bit stream as random. The results of the analysis are also confirmed by measurements. In addition, the paper proposes an efficient design of a RO-based random number generator.     

高频通信可用频率现报与预报方法

提出了基于斜向探测数据进行高频通信最大可用频率实时现报和短期预报的一种实用方法.该方法以实时斜向探测的MUF及其短期预报数据为基础,利用经验反演和等比加权重构方法进行电离层参数分析,并基于ITU高频频率预报方法实现了高频通信链路可用频率的实时现报和短期预报.通过预报实例验证了方法的实用性：实时现报统计均方根误差为1.41 MHz、相对误差为10.09％;短期预报统计均方误差为1.48 MHz、相对误差11.90％;对比长期预报结果,实时现报和短期预报有较大的精度提升.     

横波速度径向层析成像方法及应用研究

近来三维声波成像技术的一个重要进展是利用偶极子弯曲波反演地层径向横波速度剖面。确定地层径向横波速度变化对评价井壁稳定性、估算地应力和优化油藏生产等有着重要的意义。偶极横波测井激发的弯曲波低频探测较深,高频探测较浅,本文根据偶极弯曲波的频散特征,采用约束反演的方法求取地层径向横波速度变化。在实际测井中,经常会遇到偶极子弯曲波的频散曲线在高频时缺失或者不准确的情况,这会使约束反演方法产生误差。针对这一现象,本文提出利用理论频散数据进行高频约束,并通过数值模拟验证了改进后约束反演方法的正确性。本文给出了一个致密气层的横波速度径向剖面综合应用实例,发现地层径向横波速度变化程度与岩石脆性有很好的对应关系,最终的压裂效果由压前、压后正交偶极横波各向异性的变化得到了印证,压裂后油气产量提高。     

二维电磁逆散射问题的时域高斯-牛顿反演算法

为了直接利用超宽带(UWB)时域测量数据,同时重建二维(2D)目标(OI)的介电常数和电导率,本文将频域高斯-牛顿反演(GNI)算法发展为时域形式.迭代重建过程中,正问题由时域有限差分(FDTD)法求解,而逆问题的病态特性用自适应正则化技术抑制.四类数值算例中,噪声影响均被考虑,仿真结果初步证实了改进算法的可行性和鲁棒性.重建图像呈现超分辨率(SR),有望应用到早期乳腺癌检测等实际问题中.     

Some notes on identities for Dirichlet L-functions

Let q ≥ 3 be an integer, and χ be a Dirichlet character modulo q, L(s, χ) denote the Dirichlet L-function corresponding to χ. In this paper, we show some early information on the mean value of the Dirichlet L-functions and give some new identities for     

Asymptotic probability of majority inversion under a general binomial voting model

We obtain limits on the probability of majority inversion when the number of voters tends to infinity, for a binomial voting model specific to each state with different population sizes, and for different voting quotas in the two stages of the voting procedure. The case of weighted votes at the second stage is also discussed. For an important special case where the limit cannot be determined, we provide an exact expression for the inversion probability, but only for unweighted votes.     

与Smarandache函数有关的一个方程的解的注记

设φ(n)、S(n)分别表示正整数n的Euler函数和Smarandache函数,白海荣和廖群英在[Smarandache函数的几类相关方程的解,数学学报中文版,2019,62(2):247-254]中称方程φ(n)=∑d|nS(d)只有两个解,分别为n=2^5和n=3×2^5.本文指出,这两个数均不是此方程的解,并指出其出错原因是因为他们对M?bius反转公式的错误理解所造成的.