全文获取类型
收费全文 | 81527篇 |
免费 | 8608篇 |
国内免费 | 4940篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 21268篇 |
晶体学 | 456篇 |
力学 | 5032篇 |
综合类 | 635篇 |
数学 | 11120篇 |
物理学 | 27653篇 |
无线电 | 28911篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 197篇 |
2023年 | 835篇 |
2022年 | 1516篇 |
2021年 | 1892篇 |
2020年 | 2050篇 |
2019年 | 1726篇 |
2018年 | 1673篇 |
2017年 | 2208篇 |
2016年 | 2709篇 |
2015年 | 2491篇 |
2014年 | 4059篇 |
2013年 | 5152篇 |
2012年 | 4572篇 |
2011年 | 4774篇 |
2010年 | 3671篇 |
2009年 | 4639篇 |
2008年 | 5169篇 |
2007年 | 5708篇 |
2006年 | 4990篇 |
2005年 | 3919篇 |
2004年 | 3372篇 |
2003年 | 3530篇 |
2002年 | 3602篇 |
2001年 | 2958篇 |
2000年 | 2632篇 |
1999年 | 2175篇 |
1998年 | 2025篇 |
1997年 | 1330篇 |
1996年 | 1242篇 |
1995年 | 1072篇 |
1994年 | 1062篇 |
1993年 | 804篇 |
1992年 | 873篇 |
1991年 | 636篇 |
1990年 | 549篇 |
1989年 | 402篇 |
1988年 | 342篇 |
1987年 | 318篇 |
1986年 | 271篇 |
1985年 | 267篇 |
1984年 | 266篇 |
1983年 | 166篇 |
1982年 | 210篇 |
1981年 | 200篇 |
1980年 | 135篇 |
1979年 | 155篇 |
1978年 | 129篇 |
1977年 | 122篇 |
1976年 | 78篇 |
1973年 | 60篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
181.
The rational and sustainable exploitation of nature resources is one of the priority objectives of our society. In this article a method is proposed to evaluate and exploit the energetic resources contained in different forest formations. This method is based on the use of a combustion bomb calorimeter to determine the calorific values of the different samples studied. These results were complemented with chemical analysis of the samples and with environmental and geomorphological studies of the zones were samples were taken. The results obtained during the last 3 years for the residual biomass originated from the forest formations existing in Galicia ensure the reliability and usefulness of the method that can be extended to any forest formation all over the world. 相似文献
182.
A. Vahid Shahidi I. Shih T. Araki C. H. Champness 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1985,14(3):297-310
Structural investigation on monocrystalline CuInSe2 samples has been made. From the single crystal results, the space group of CuInSe2 was confirmed to be Iˉ42d and the crystal solidification direction was investigated. Compositional uniformity of the ingots
was established by EPMA and it was found that the indium concentration was greater than that for copper. Systematic annealing
experiments were carried out in vacuum at different temperatures (as low as 160° C) and for different times. Large variation
in resistivity was observed after the annealing treatment. P-type samples were found to convert to n-type after the heat-treatments. 相似文献
183.
Summary Excessive breakdown of elastin, a structural protein, may be related to aortic disease and emphysema. Since L-valyl-L-proline occurs in high concentrations in elastin, a rapid and sensitive method using HPLC with post-column on-line derivatization was used to measure the dipeptide from swine aortic tissue, and the amount of elastin present was determined. Elastin was extracted by alkaline hydrolysis. After neutralization and filtration, the sample was injected onto a ODS-2 gel column, and the dipeptide was eluted by a linear gradient of 0 to 10% of 1-propanol in 50 mM heptafluorobutyrate, pH 3, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The eluent was reacted with fluorescamine at pH 8.6, and fluorescence was detected at an excitation wavelength of 395 nm and a 455 nm cutoff emission filter.Presented at the 17th International Symposium on Chromatography, September 25–30, 1988, Vienna, Austria. 相似文献
184.
R. J. Saykally K. M. Evenson D. A. Jennings L. R. Zink A. Scalabrin 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1987,8(6):653-662
Twenty new cw FIR laser lines in CD3OH, optically pumped by a CO2 laser, are reported. The frequencies of 39 of the stronger laser lines were measured relative to stabilized CO2 lasers with a fractional uncertainty, as determined by the reproducibility of the FIR frequency itself, of 2 parts in 107.Contribution of the U.S. Government, not subject to copyright. 相似文献
185.
Jeannette H. C. Woerner 《商业与工业应用随机模型》2005,21(1):27-44
In the framework of stochastic volatility models we examine estimators for the integrated volatility based on the pth power variation (i.e. the sum of pth absolute powers of the log‐returns). We derive consistency and distributional results for the estimators given high‐frequency data, especially taking into account what kind of process we may add to our model without affecting the estimate of the integrated volatility. This may on the one hand be interpreted as a possible flexibility in modelling, for example adding jumps or even leaving the framework of semimartingales by adding a fractional Brownian motion, or on the other hand as robustness against model misspecification. We will discuss possible choices of p under different model assumptions and irregularly spaced data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
186.
Basic principles of the generalized lattice model of multicomponent condensed systems are formulated. Short-range parts of interatomic interactions are taken into account by means of the geometric constraints method. Long-range parts of the interactions are taken into account in mean field approximation. The expression for Helmholtz free energy is obtained. A system of integral equations for the equilibrium distributions of components is derived. The asymptotic properties of its solutions are investigated. Moment expansion of interatomic interactions and localization of integral terms in free energy is obtained. A Ginzburg–Landau-like functional of free energy is derived. 相似文献
187.
Teresa uczak Radosaw Pankiewicz Bogusawa ska Grzegorz Schroeder Maria Betowska-Brzezinska Bogumil Brzezinski 《Journal of Molecular Structure》2006,800(1-3):140-145
Novel self-assembled monolayers were obtained on silver using 4,7-diazaheptyl-trimethoxy-silane (SiN) and vinyl-trialkoxy-silane (SiVA, where the alkyl group is 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60-eicozaoxa- hexaheptaconan). It was shown that thus modified metal surface was protected against electrooxidation. A densely packed monolayer remained stable and did not desorb from the Ag electrode on the potential cycling. The structure of SiN and SiVA as well as their complexes with Li+ cations were calculated and visualised by the AM1d and PM5 semi-empirical methods. 相似文献
188.
系统研究了具有急性和慢性两个阶段的MSIS流行病模型.由两节构成,第1节建立和研究了具有急慢性阶段的MSIS流行病模型;第2节在第1节的基础上建立和研究了具有慢性病病程的MSIS流行病模型.第1节的模型是四个常微分方程构成的方程组.第2节的模型既含有常微分方程,又含有偏微分方程.运用微分方程和积分方程中的理论和方法,得到了这两个模型再生数R0的表达式.证明了当R0<1时,无病平衡态是全局渐近稳定性,给出了各模型地方病平衡态的存在性和稳定性条件. 相似文献
189.
FJZ-250型高速分幅相机时间测量不确定度分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
FJZ-250型高速转镜分幅相机因转镜速度的不可重复性,光机结构的构造原理和控制系统各路高压触发时间的漂移,导致了时间测量的不确定度。为此,须对相机测量数据进行校正。阐述了校正方法、提供了逐幅校正位置误差的修正系数。若以预置转速对应的名义周期值去处理测量结果,则相机的时间测量合成小确定度将达1%,对名义周期值和名义幅间间隔时间值进行修正后,则可降至0.3%。 相似文献
190.
B.I. Sturman A.S. Gorkunova K.H. Ringhofer 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,23(2):291-297
We investigate analytically and numerically the influence of the type of the photorefractive nonlinear response on the periodic
states (attractors) which occur during feedback controlled 2W-coupling and correspond to almost 100% diffraction efficiency
of the dynamic index grating. In addition to the case of the local response typical, for example, for LiNbO3 crystals we consider the cases of nonlocal (diffusive) response (BaTiO3, SBN) and resonant response (DC-biased BSO, BTO, and BGO crystals). It is shown that the conditions for the transition to
the periodic states and their apparent characteristics are strongly different for the two limiting cases above.
Received 16 July 2002 / Received in final form 29 October 2002 Published online 4 March 2003 相似文献